Muscular System 2

Question 1

Motor Unit

Answer 1

1 neuron and the skeletal muscles it stimulates

Question 2

Neuromuscular
junction

Answer 2

Where nerves and muscle fibres meet

Question 3

Neurotransmitters

Answer 3

Chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with the body (ACh for skeletal muscles)

Question 4

Direct phosphorylation

Answer 4

Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP

Question 5

Aerobic Pathway

Answer 5

Cellular Respiration, glucose goes through glycolysis and breaks down to Pyruvic acid

Question 6

Anaerobic pathway

Answer 6

Anaerobic glycolysis, glycosis and lactic acid formation

Question 7

Oxygen Deficit

Answer 7

Occurs during prolonged muscle activity, when a person is unable to take in oxygen fast enough to keep the muscles supplied with all the oxygen they need to continue aerobic ATP production while working

Question 8

What happens during Oxygen Deficit

Answer 8

Lactic acid acid begins to form in muscle via anaerobic pathway, causes burning sensation

Question 9

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 9

“Prayer Muscle” two headed muscles, flexes neck

Question 10

Trapezius

Answer 10

Extends the head, antagonists of sternocleidomastoid

Question 11

External intercostals

Answer 11

Small Muscles located between each rib, pushes against rib cage

Question 12

internal intercostals

Answer 12

Pull down on rib cage and push air out of the lungs

Question 13

Rectus abdominis

Answer 13

Run from pubis to rib cage, flexes the vertebral column

Question 14

External Oblique

Answer 14

Make up lateral walls of abdomen, flexes vertebral column, rotates and bends trunk laterally

Question 15

Internal Oblique

Answer 15

Deep to the external obliques, same functions

Question 16

Transversus Abdominis

Answer 16

Deepest muscle, compresses abdominal contents

Question 17

Deltoid

Answer 17

Triangle shaped muscles, prime mover of arm abduction

Question 18

Pectoralis major

Answer 18

Large fan shaped muscle covering upper chest, adducts and flexes the arm

Question 19

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 19

Large flat lower back muscles, extends and adducts the humerus

Question 20

Biceps brachii

Answer 20

Prime mover for flexion of the forearm

Question 21

Triceps brachii

Answer 21

Prime mover of elbow extension

Question 22

Gluteus medius

Answer 22

Hip abductor, steadies pelvis during walking, above the Maximus

Question 23

Gluteus maximus

Answer 23

Forms most of buttock flesh, hip extensor, most important muscle in hip extension

Question 24

Quadriceps femoris

Answer 24

Acts to extend the knee powerfully, rectus femoris

Question 25

Hamstring group

Answer 25

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Question 26

Gastrocnemius

Answer 26

Two-bellied, forms curved calf of posterior leg, prime mover for plantar flexion

Question 27

Zygomaticus

Answer 27

Extends from corner of mouth to cheek bones, “Smile muscles” raises corners of the mouth

Question 28

Buccinator

Answer 28

horizontal across the cheek, “chewing muscles”, flattens cheeks, compresses cheeks to hold food during chewing

Question 29

Masseter

Answer 29

Elevates mandible to close the jaw

Question 30

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 30

Circles around the eyes, allows closing, squinting and blinking eyes

Question 31

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 31

Circles around lips, “kissing muscles”, closes and pertrudes mouth