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ANAT 113 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the mouth

A

Mastication occurs

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2
Q

What is the Pharynx

A

Passageway for food fluid and air

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3
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Passageway for air from nasal cavity

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4
Q

Oropharynx

A

Where food enters first, posterior to oral cavity

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5
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Inferior to the oropharynx, continues to the esophagus by propulsion of peristalsis

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6
Q

Laryngopharynx skeletal muscles

A

Longitudinal outer layer
Circular inner layer

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7
Q

What is peristalsis

A

The involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract

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8
Q

What is the Esophagus

A

Passageway for food and fluids

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9
Q

What is the esophagus made of

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium lining to help against friction

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10
Q

How does the esophagus push food into the stomach

A

Uses peristalsis to conduct slow rhythmic squeezing for bolus to reach stomach

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11
Q

What does the stomach do

A

Churns and chemically breaks down food into chime
Beigns Protein to amino acid breakdown

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12
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Double layer of peritoneum, extends from liver to lesser curvature

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13
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Extension of the peritoneum
Covers, insulates, cushions and protects abdominal organs

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14
Q

What allows the stomach to stretch

A

Rugae in mucosal layer

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15
Q

Cardial Region

A

Near the heart
Surrounds cardioesophageal sphincter

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16
Q

Fundus region

A

Expanded portion
Lateral to cardiac region

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17
Q

Body Region

A

Greater curvature is the convex lateral surface
Lesser curvature is concave medial surface

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18
Q

Pylorus Region

A

Funnel-shaped terminal end

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19
Q

Greater and lesser curvature

A
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20
Q

What is pepsinogen

A

Inactive protein digesting enzyme
Secreted by chief cells

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21
Q

How is pepsinogen activated

A

HCL exposure turns pepsinogen into pepsin allowing for protein digestion

22
Q

What is intrinsic factor

A

A substance needed for vitamin b12 absorption
Secreted by chief cells

23
Q

What do parietal cells produce

A

Hydrochloric acid ( HCL)

24
Q

What do Mucous neck cells produce

A

Thin acidic mucus

25
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells prodcude

A

Gastric - regulates digestive acitivity

26
Q

Where does the small intestine start

A

At the pyloric sphincter

27
Q

Where does the small intestine end

A

At the ileocecal valve at the large intestine

28
Q

Layers of the mucosal lining walls

A

Villi
Microvilli
Circular folds
Peyers patch

29
Q

What does Villi contain

A

Contains capillary beds and lacteral

30
Q

Microvilli

A

From the plasma membrane
Contains enzymes that complete digestion of proteins + carbohydrates

31
Q

Circular folds

A

Increase surface area to force chyme to travel slow and allow nutrient absorption

32
Q

Peyer’s Patch

A

Prevents food residue from causing bacterial infections

33
Q

3 Segments of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

34
Q

What happens in the duodenum

A

Chemical digestive begins
Enzymes produced by intestinal cells + pancreas sent through pancreatic duct
Liver bile is sent through bile duct

35
Q

What is hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Formed by the pancreatic dict and the common bile duct that leads to the duodenum

36
Q

What does Jejunum contain

A

All plicae circulares and villi
Absobs all the nutrients from digested (sugars, amino and fatty acids)

37
Q

Ileum

A

Contains villi to absorb vitamin b12 and bile acids
Reabors missed nutrients by the jejunum

38
Q

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Ascending Colon 1st Segment

A

Travels up right side of abdomen and turn at right colic
Formation of stool is watery, water absorption begins

39
Q

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Transverse Colon 2nd Segment

A

Travels across abdominal cavity, turns at left colic
Stools have started becoming semi-solid

40
Q

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Descending Colon 3rd segment

A

Travels down left side, stores feces to be sent to sigmoid colon
Stools have solidified

41
Q

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Sigmoid Colon 4th segment

A

S-Shaped tube connecting from descending colon to the rectum
Muscular walls contract to assist moving feces to rectum

42
Q

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Rectum

A

Temporary storage site for feces
Walls expand to hold

43
Q

Rectum Spincters: Internal anal sphincter

A

Ensures that stools do not backflow into colons
Involuntary

44
Q

Rectum Sphincters: External anal sphincter

A

Partners with internal sphincter to help muscle contraction to start defecation
Voluntary

45
Q

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Anus

A

End of anal canal, feces released from here after defecation

46
Q

Walls of digestive tract: Mucosa

A

Innermost layer, moist mucus that lines hollow cavity

47
Q

Walls of digestive tract: Submucosa

A

Vascular connective tissue with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
Contains peyer patches

48
Q

Walls of digestive tract: Muscularis

A

Muscle layer, allows for peristalsis

49
Q

Layers of the muscularis

A

Longitudial outer layer
Circular inner layer

50
Q

Walls of digestive tract: Serosa

A

Covers the organs in the cavity, contains fluid producing cells

ANAT 113 (18 decks)

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