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ANAT 113 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Hormone”

A

Chemical messenger that are secreted by endocrine cells in to the bloodstream of the body

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2
Q

What is “Target Organ”

A

Certain cells or organs that play a role to be affected by a patient

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3
Q

When is prostaglandins produced

A

When there is any cellular damage in the cell

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4
Q

Effects of prostaglandins on blood pressure

A

Increases blood pressure by acting as a vasoconstrictors

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5
Q

How are Hormones secreted

A

Hypothalamus hormones stimulate anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones

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6
Q

How are hormones released

A

Anterior pituitary gland hormones stimulate other endocrine organs to release hormones

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7
Q

What happens once hormones reach their final target glands

A

They send feedback to their anterior pituitary glands to inhibit the release of hormones

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8
Q

Humoral stimuli: How are hormones stimulated

A

By a change in ions/based on blood level

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9
Q

Where do endocrine glands secrete into

A

The blood

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10
Q

What do exocrine glands secrete

A

Gastric Juices

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11
Q

Where is the pituitary gland found

A

Hanging from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus

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12
Q

What are the 2 lobes of pituitary glands

A

Anterior and posterior pituitary glands

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13
Q

What does Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) do

A

Stimulated by dehydration, causes kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine

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14
Q

What does Oxytocin do

A

Birth hormone, stimulated by uterine contractions to help induce labour, stop post-partum bleeding, and trigger let down of breast milk

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15
Q

What is Tropic Hormone

A

Hormones that stimulate other target endocrine glands to secrete its own hormones

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16
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Follice-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulates follicle development in ovaries to produce estrogen
stimulates testicles for sperm development

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17
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Triggers ovulation of an egg + ruptured follice to produce progesterone

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18
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

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19
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

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20
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Prolactin (PRL)

A

Causes breast milk development + helps breast development

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21
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Stimulates protein synthesis to start bone + tissue + muscle growth

22
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Pineal Gland

A

Secretes melatonin, sleep trigger hormone
Hangs from 3rd ventricle of the brain

23
Q

What hormones does the Thyroid gland produce

A

Calcitonin and TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

24
Q

What is hyperthyroidism

A

Low hormone production; weight gain, low blood pressure, dizziness, dry skin etc

25
Q

What is hypothyroidism

A

High Hormone production, opposite effect of hyperthyroidism

26
Q

What is the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Most important hormone responsible for increasing blood Ca2+ levels

27
Q

What type of hormone is PTH

A

Hypercalcaemia hormone

28
Q

What does calcitonin do

A

Decreases above normal blood calcium concentration

29
Q

What type of hormone is calcitonin

A

Hypocalacaema hormone

30
Q

What does PTH do

A

It increases below normal blood calcium concentration

31
Q

How does PTH increase calcium concentration

A

By stimulating osteoclast activity, activation of vitamin D and stimulating kidneys to absorb more calcium

32
Q

When is the Thymus Gland active

A

During child birth

33
Q

What does the Thymus gland produce

A

Thymosin

34
Q

What are the 2 parts of Adrenal glands

A

Adrenal medulla (neural) + adrenal cortex (glandular)

35
Q

Adrenocortical Hormones: Mineralocorticoid

A

Regulates sodium + potassium concentrations in blood

36
Q

Adrenocortical Hormones: Glucocorticoids

A

Promotes the breakdown of fats + proteins by cells; to produce glucose

37
Q

Adrenocortical Hormones: Sex hormones

A

Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics

38
Q

Adrenocortical Hormones: Adrenal medulla

A

Secretes catecholamines, enhances and prolongs the effects of neurotransmitters of sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

The Pancres

A

Dual-function gland

40
Q

What do exocrine glands secrete

A

secretes digestive/gastric juice

41
Q

What do endocrine glands secrete

A

Secretes Hormones

42
Q

What hormones do the pancreas release

A

Insulin and glucagon

43
Q

What does insulin do

A

Lowers high blood sugar

44
Q

What does glucagon do

A

Increases low blood sugar

45
Q

What are Gonads

A

Hormones of the ovaries

46
Q

What do gonads produce

A

estrogen and progesterone

47
Q

Which gland stimulates gonads

A

GnRH from the anterior pitutary

48
Q

What does estrogen do

A

Stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics in the female
Stimulates changes in uterine line - menstrual cycle

49
Q

What do Progesterone do

A

Promotes implantation of fertilized ovum in the uterine lining
produced by corpus luteum of the ovary

50
Q

Most important testes hormone

A

Testosterone

ANAT 113 (18 decks)

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