Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skin-Muscoskeletal > Week 3 - Dermatological Therapeutics > Flashcards

Week 3 - Dermatological Therapeutics Flashcards

0
Q

What are the actions, uses and adverse effects of corticosteroids?

A

Actions: anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative, vasoconstrictive
Uses: eczema, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, itch, lichen planus
Adverse effects: Skin atrophy/thinning, acne, striae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How do retinoids work?

A

Vitamin A analogs - work through nuclear receptors on DNA causing alteration of gene transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are retinoids used for?

A

Acne, psoriasis, cosmetic skin improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are adverse effects of retinoids?

A

dryness, irritation, sun sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the actions of retinoids?

A

Regulate cell growth, inhibit carcinogenesis, alter enzymes involved with cellular differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does Calcipotriene work? What is it used for and what are some adverse effects of it?

A

Ex: Donovex
A vitamin D analog that acts through DNA receptors to alter skin differentiation
Uses: psoriasis, eczema
Adverse effects: irritation, increased serum calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some topical antimicrobials and what are they used for?

A

Clindamycin, erthyromycin gels, benzoyl peroxide gel or wash, terbinafine, oxiconazole creams,
Uses: acne, rosacea, wounds, fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs) work?

A

They work through calcineurin to alter T-cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are TCIs used for and why are they controversial?

A
  • Work well for eczema (atopic dermatitis)
  • May cause limited local irritation or burning
  • Has FDA warning because it caused lymphomas in animal studies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is atopic dermatitis?

A

Eczema!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is dermatitis?

A

Inflammation of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does broad spectrum mean? And how much of the suns rays does SPF 30 block?

A
  • covers all wavelengths

- blocks 97% of sun’s UV rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does an imiquimod work?

A
  • Aldara cream
  • ramps up the immune system to attack something in skin (immune response modifier)
  • works through toll receptors to activate immune cascades locally
  • Used for actinic keratosis, BCC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is topical 5-Fluorouracil?

A

It inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in reduced DNA synthesis. It acts selectively in actinic damaged skin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How should you take care of wounds?

A

-Keep wound covered with a nonstick dressing to allow natural cytokines to facilitate healing (don’t want to ‘air out’ as this increases scarring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are systemic retinoids used for and how do they work?

A

They are used for acne, psoriasis, ichthyosis, chemopropholaxis of skin –> repair disordered keratinization (Accutane)

  • They are vitamin A analogs that bind to nuclear retinoid receptors to alter cell differentiation
  • They have many adverse effects and need to be monitored closely (government regulates accutane)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can systemic retinoids do?

A

They can cure/remove acne permanently and they are used for psoriasis that has multiple spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is dapsone used for?

A

Leprosy therapy!

-Dermatitis herpiformis, linear IgA disease, bullous lupus, spider bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is methotrexate (systemic drug) used for?

A

Psoriasis & lupus

19
Q

How does methotrexate work?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that disrupts DNA synthesis to block cell division. Immunosuppressive

20
Q

What are systemic biological therapies?

A

Biogenetically engineered proteins which disrupt/inhibit focused portions of the immune system involved in psoriasis
-Used to treat psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, (RA)

21
Q

What are some cons to using biological therapies?

A

VERY Expensive

  • Injection site irritation
  • Risk of infection
  • Our bodies can develop antibodies to these
22
Q

How are biological therapies given?

A

They are given as a vaccination every other week.

23
Q

What is ultraviolet light therapy used for?

A

Anti-inflammtory, immunosuppresive

- Used for psoriasis, pruritis, ezcema, CTCL (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)

24
Q

What does ultraviolet therapy do?

A

It forms pyrimidine dimers in DNA and reduces langerhans cell and leukocytes

25
Q

What is minoxidil best used for?

A

Alopecia - It’s rogaine

Action: vasodilation & direct stimulation of hair shaft growth

26
Q

What is finasteride used for?

A

Male pattern baldness - Androgenetic Alopecia

Action: blocks 5-alpha reductase enzyme in follicles to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

27
Q

What do alpha hydroxy acids do?

A

They exfoliate, thicken epidermis, stimulate collagen growth, increase skin profusion - result in fewer wrinkles, more pliable skin, with better hydration
-Cosmetic product

28
Q

What are the three stages of normal hair cycle? How many hairs are lost each day?

A

100-150 hairs each day

Anagen -> Catagen -> Telogen

29
Q

What is the cause of Androgenetic alopecia and what treatments are usually used?

A

It’s caused by genetically determined miniaturization of follicles triggered by androgens. Usually occurs on the top of the scalp.
Treatment: Minoxidil, Finasteride, Hair transplants

30
Q

What is telogen effluvium?

A

It is stress hair loss. It is caused by disrupted growth cycle of hairs causing premature shift from anagen to telogen. It’s triggered by pregnancy, surgery, high fever, extreme diet

31
Q

How does Telogen effluvium effect the hair? What is the treatment?

A

Area: diffuse scalp involvement - “coming out in bunches”
Treatment: Remove the trigger, Minoxidil?, Time, Reassurance

32
Q

What causes Alopecia areata?

A

It’s AUTOIMMUNE - can be associated with other immune diseases (vitiligo, diabetes)

  • T cells attack the hair bulb - “swarm of bees”
  • HLA/genetically determined
  • Circular patches on scalp or beard
33
Q

What are treatments for Alopecia areata?

A

Watch, wait, topical or IL steroids - Minoxidil

34
Q

A. Totalis =

A. Universalis =

A

all scalp hair lost

all body hair lost

35
Q

What is secondary alopecia and what causes it?

A

Diffuse hair thinning as a complication of an existing medication or medical problem
Causes: Chemotherapy, Meds, Thyroid disease, Iron deficiency, Nutritional disorders, Renal or Hepatic failure, other chronic illnesses

36
Q

How do you treat secondary alopecia?

A

Remove the cause, Minoxidil??

37
Q

What causes Tinea capitis and in what population is it most common?

A

It is fungus growth on scalp and hair shafts, caused by trichophyton tonsurans mostly.
-Most common in African Americans

38
Q

What is the standard treatment for Tinea capitis?

A

Griseofulvin

-Tinea capitis can cause scarring!

39
Q

What type of hair loss does lupus cause? What are the treatments?

A

Dicoid lupus of the scalp results in destruction of hair units

  • Often scarring
  • Area: Discoid (round) patches with redness, scale, scarring anywhere on scalp or beard
  • Treatment: Topical or systemic steroids, hydroxychloroquine
40
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

Head lice & Pubic Lice

41
Q

What is used to treat pediculosis?

A

Permethrin, GBH, Malathion, Vaseline, Cetaphil, Remove nits, hot water and dryer for clothes and bedding, unwashables in bag for 2 weeks

42
Q

What is paronychia?

A

Inflammation of nail folds, can be infectious and non-infectious

43
Q

What can cause acute and/or chronic paronychia?

A

Trauma, bacteria, contact dermatitis, acute eczema, flair, irritant contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, Candida

44
Q

How to treat ingrown nails?

A
  • Always cut nails straight across
  • Don’t tear or pull
  • Can get infected
  • Proper fitting shoes
  • Soaks, Antibiotics, Surgery
45
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

It’s caused by fungal growth on or under the nail. It’s commonly caused by Trichophyton rubrum or T. mentagrophytes.
Treatment: Terbinafine (Lamisil), Itraconazole (Sporonox), Ciclopirox (penlac lacquer)

Skin-Muscoskeletal (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions