Week 1 - Anatomical & Radiological Terminology

Question 0

Inferior

Answer 0

(caudal) away from head or toward the lower part of the structure

Question 1

Superior

Answer 1

(cranial, rostral, cephalic) - toward head or upper part of structure

Question 2

Lateral

Answer 2

father from the midline of the body of structure

Question 3

Proximal

Answer 3

nearer to the attachment of an extremity (limb) to the truck or a structure; nearer to the point of origin

Question 4

Distal

Answer 4

farther from the attachment of an extremity (limb) to the trunk or structure; farther from the point of origin

Question 5

Supine

Answer 5

body or structure lies anterior side up

Question 6

Prone

Answer 6

(pronation) body or structure lies anterior side down

Question 7

Sagittal plane

Answer 7

cuts body into left and right halves/sides - vertical plane that divides

Question 8

Midsagittal plane

Answer 8

vertical plane that passes through the midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves

Question 9

Parasagittal plane

Answer 9

vertical plane that divides the body into unequal right and left halves

Question 10

Coronal plane

Answer 10

(Frontal) - vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 11

Horizontal plane

Answer 11

(transverse/axial plane) a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 12

Which structures are radio-lucent?

Answer 12

Air filled structures (air has atoms far apart) such as STOMACH and COLON

Question 13

Which structures are radio-opaque?

Answer 13

Bone - with its crystalline arrangement of calcium and phosphorus

Question 14

The X-ray image is less distorted for the portion of the body. . .

Answer 14

closer to the X-ray detector

Question 15

Conventional Radiography

Answer 15

Involves directing a beam of X-rays at a specific body part and detecting the radiation that emerges at the opposite surface - ability of substance to absorb or scatter X-rays varies with density of object

• Body fluids (blood) and tissues have a similar density with fat slightly more lucent
• Always take images from two different directions - sometimes contrast media is used to make structures more visible!

Question 16

Computer assisted tomography (CT)

Answer 16

Multiple X rays rapidly done, computer analyzes detectors response and produces an image in a given plane, more details than X rays but also more harmful
-USE SHOULD BE MINIMAL - CT of chest = 150 chest X-rays

Question 17

Ultrasonography

Answer 17

• High frequency sound waves (sonar) are differentially reflected by surfaces separating structures of different densities
• Free from damaging effects - imp. during pregnancy; can be performed at the bedside
• Images are more difficult to interpret

Question 18

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Answer 18

• Uses magnetic fields to produce images - patient is placed in powerful magnetic field and pulsed with radiofrequency waves that cause nuclei of atoms to emit a radiosignal that can be detected, stored and with the aid of a computer, reproduced as an image
• Produces better soft tissue images than CTs
• EXPENSIVE, issues with claustrophobia, patients with metal in their bodies

Question 19

Nuclear Medicine Imaging

Answer 19

1. Radioactive material injected and taken-up selectively by different body organs
2. Used to evaluate the physiological function of an organ or structure