WEEK 24 PYSCH Flashcards
What is the self?
According to William James, the sense of the self is reflexive - it is what happens when “I” thinks about “me.”
Freuds concepts of the ego is similar to the “I” for what reasons?
Both views the personality that engage in rational thought and copes with the demands of inner desires, subconscious motions, and the conscience.
How do we encounter the me?
As a social actor, motivated agent, and autobiographical author.
What does social actor, motivated agent, and autobiographical
Social actor:
- Understand our social role.
- Other people have feelings towards you.
Motivated agent:
- The sense of self that can plan and set goals.
Autobiographical author:
- Reflect of the past
- Changes from the past to present itself.
Relationships with other people are critical to…
Our sense of well-being, happiness, and social support.
Explain social variables?
- Factual and not subject to personal opinions.
Explain social integration factors?
The size of your social net work or the social role you take. Within the social network, objective variables are the degree of contact with other people, and shared activities.
Explain subjective social variables?
Related to feelings and not based on fact.
Explain social support and subjective well-being.
SS: Heavily based on our perceptions of our social network and availability of help, love, and support.
SW: High life satisfaction, positive feelings, and low negative feelings using self-report scales.
The more relationships people have…
The more positive their sense of well-being. Both a larger social network and higher quality of relationships.
Explain ostracism & shunning?
- Can lead to depression and loneliness, overall loss of well-being.
- Act of social rejection.
Explain intimate relationships & confidante?
- Long-term romantic partner - not just physical but psychological closeness.
- Confidante is whom you can share secrets and vulnerabilities (more important than large social groups).
Social support is linked to..
Higher life satisfaction, higher positive feelings, and lower negative feelings. Good relationship include quantity and quality, leading to higher happiness and better health.
Explain marriage and well-being?
- Transition to marriage increase well-being, process through the stages of commitment is associated with greater happiness.
- Whereas divorce or losing a spouse adversely affects well-being /happiness.
- Quality of marriage matters.
Explain work relationships?
Adults spend a lot of time with coworkers and supervisors. High quality work relationships make jobs less stressful and more enjoyable.
Supervisors who are more supportive…
Have happier employees and more productive. Studies show Improved health and life satisfaction when we are engaged in work and productive.
Explain ethnographic studies?
Directly observe people rather than in a lab. Attempts to examine a culture from its own context.
Culture is learned through…
observation and limitation - An example is through rituals which teach us important aspects of cultures.
How do we define concepts related to culture? Hint: 3 ways
1) Progressive cultivation: respect.
2) Ways of life: Tradition/Religion
3) Shared learning: Teachers/sharing.
Explain individualistic and collectivist?
- Individualistic cultures place an emphasis on personal achievement.
- Collectivist cultures place an emphasis on meeting group expectations and goals.
Explain self-construal?
Defining our role in relations to others.
- Individualist are more likely to define an independent self.
- Collectivist are mor likely to identify an interdependent self.
Explain value-free research?
Social psychologist have to be very careful when conducting research that they do not make any judgements.
Explain cultural relativism?
Looking at the practises and beliefs of a culture from their point of view and not your own.
Explain gender identity?
Sense of being male, female, or mix of masculine and feminine (binary), cisgender means straight, transgender is opposite of the sex your were assigned.
Explain gender roles and stereotypes?
Roles: Refers to cultural experiences of the way in which men and women (boys and girls) should behave.
Stereotypes: Men vs. women’s role in society.
Difference between gender can be cause by:
- Biology
- Culture
- Gender stereotypes
Between 3-6 year old children develop?
Develop gender constancy - at the same time, they are adopting rigid gender stereotypes.
Explain socialization and learning theory?
Explain the process via which we internalize these beliefs.
