WEEK 19 LEARNING OBJECTIVES/TERMS Flashcards
Explain Cultural relativist
The idea that cultural norms and values of a society can only be understood on their own terms or in their own context.
What determines if a behavior is considered normal or abnormal?
Depends on the context surrounding the behavior and thus changes as a function of a particular time and culture.
What are etiological theories? What do they determine?
A casual description of all the factors that contribute to the development of a disorder or illness. They also help determine care and treatment for mentally ill individuals.
There are three main etiological theories, what are they?
1) Supernatural: developing from origins beyond the visible universe.
2) Somatogenic: Developing from physical/bodily origins.
3) Psychogenic: developing from psychological origins.
Explain supernatural (Insideous), somatogenic (Lenny), and psychogenic in depth (Brain).
Supernatural: mental illness caused by possession by evil or demonic spirits, displeasure of gods, eclipses, planetary gravitation, curse and sin.
Somatogenic: Identity disturbance in physical functioning resulting from either illness, genetic inheritance, or brain damage or imbalance.
Psychogenic: Focus on traumatic or stressful experiences, maladaptive learned associations and cognitions, or distorted perceptions.
Explain trephination?
The drilling of a hole into the skull, presumably as a way of treating psychological disorders. An example of the earliest supernatural explanation for mental illness.
Mesopotamian and Egyptian papyri from 1900 BC
They described women suffering from mental illness resulting from a wandering uterus (later named hysteria); this where the uterus can become dislodged and attached to parts of the body like the liver or chest cavity.
Explain humorism?
A belief held by ancient Greek and roman physicians that an excess or deficiency in any of the four bodily fluids, or humors causes blood black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm, directly affecting health and temperament.
Explain the animistic soul?
The belief that everyone and everything had a “soul” and that mental illness was due to animistic causes, for example, evil spirits controlling an individual and his/her behavior.
Explain asylums
A place of refuge or safety established to confine and care for the mentally ill. (Mental hospital or psychiatric facility).
Explain moral treatments?
A therapeutic regimen of improved nutrition, living conditions, and rewards for productive behavior that has been attributed to Philippe Pinel during the French revolution. He released mentaly ill people from their restraints and treated them with compassion and dignity rather than with contempt and denigration.
Examples of modern treatment?
- Modern treatments of mental illness are associated with the establishment of hospitals and asylums beginning in the 16th century. An institution to confine and house the mentally ill.
Who is William Tuke
William urged the Yorkshire society of Friends to establish the York retreat in 1796, where patients were guests, not prisoners, and where the standard of care depended on dignity and courtesy as well as the therapeutic and moral value of physical work, psychogenic treatments, such as compassion care.
Who is Vincenzo Chiarughi?
Removed the chains of patients at his St. Boniface in Florence, Italy, and encouraged good hygiene and recreational and occupational.
Why was moral treatment abandoned in America? And what came out of this?
In the second half of the 19th century, these asylums became overcrowded and custodial in nature and could no longer provide the space nor attention. However, discoveries of vaccines for cholera, syphilis, and typhus, the mental hygiene movement reverted to a somatogenic theory of mental illness.
