WEEK 21 LEARNING OBJECTIVES/TERMS

Question 1

Explain personality disorders (PD)

Answer 1

Personality traits that result in distress , social impairment, or occupational impairment.

Question 2

Give examples of Personality Disorders

Answer 2

Antisocial, avoidant, borderline, dependent, histrionic, narcissistic, obsessive, paranoid, schizoid.

Question 3

What is the DSM-5

Answer 3

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Used to identify and determine mental health conditions.

Question 4

Explain obsessive compulsive personality disorder:

Answer 4

Obsessive compulsive personality is a disorder of maladaptive conscientiousness including traits such as workaholism, perfectionism and so on.

Question 5

Explain Schizoid

Answer 5

Schizoid personality disorder is confined largely to traits of introversion.

Question 6

Explain Border personality disorder

Answer 6

Borderline personality disorder, largely a disorder of neuroticism, including traits like emotional unstable, vulnerable, overwhelmed, rageful, depressive, and self-destructive.

Question 7

Histrionic personality disorder (Cocky)

Answer 7

A disorder of extraversion including traits such as attention seeking, exaggerated, emotionality, and strong attachment.

Question 8

What is the DSM-5 domains specifically?

Answer 8

1) Openness/closedness
2) Conscientiousness
3) Extraversion-introversion
4) Agreeableness-antagonism
5) Neuroticism - emotional stability.

Question 9

Why do people opt not to seek treatment for their personality disorder?

Answer 9

Often because they are ego-syntonic meaning most people with disorders are comfortable with themselves hence they don’t seek treatment.

Question 10

What is the one exception to not seeking help for personality disorders. (Too good).

Answer 10

One exception is for borderline personality disorder because of neuroticism being the domain personality structure. Narccisstic individuals will rarely seek help because it hurts the ego.

Question 11

What are symptoms of borderline personality disorder?

Answer 11

Distress, anxiety, depression, self-consciousness. People who have BPD experience life as painful/suffering and therefore seek help.

Question 12

What are 6-personality disorder types that were proposed for retention?

Answer 12

1) Borderline
2) Antisocial
3) Schizotypal
4) Narcissistic
5) obsessive
6) Avoidant

Question 13

What is the etiology for antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 13

Considered to be the result of genetic disposition for low anxiousness, aggressiveness, impulsivity like inconsistent parenting.

Question 14

What is the etiology for borderline personality disorder? (EVIL)

Answer 14

considered to be the result of genetic disposition to interacting with malevolent, abusive, or invalidating family environment.

Question 15

What is the treatment for borderline personality disorder? (Leige)

Answer 15

Dialectical behavioral therapy–cognitive behavior therapy that draws on principles from Zen Buddhism, diabetically philosophy, and behavioral science

Question 16

How does Harvey Clerkly define psychopathy? What did he determine?

Answer 16

Described psychopathy as deep rooted emotional pathology.
- He provided 16 diagnostic criteria’s from his clinical case summaries, which indicated psychological stability.
- He did not characterize psychopathic patients as inherently cruel, violent, or dangerous.

Question 17

The clerkly oriented concept of psychopathy was replaced by…

Answer 17

anti-social personality disorder, defined by indications of deviancy in childhood, which continued to adulthood.

Question 18

Explain rating based measures? (PCL-R)

Answer 18

PCL-R (Psychopathy checklist) is used as a referent to identify psychopathic individuals among youth convicted crimes or referred for treatment of conduct problems.

Question 19

Through the PCL-R what traits are they seeking to distinguish patients from anti social personality disorder.

Answer 19

“Callows-unemotional” which encompasses low empathy, deficient remorse/guilt, shallow, and lack of concern for priorities like school.

Question 20

Triarchic model: Explain the 3 symptomatic components?

Answer 20

1) Badness: Involves social efficacy, emotional resilience, and venturesome.
2) Meanness: Entails lack of empathy, emotional sensitivity, and exploitive behavior towards others.
3) Disinhibition: Entails deficient behavior restraint and lack of control over urges/emotional reactions.

Question 21

Which treatments are most effective for Badness, meanness, and disinhibition.

Answer 21

Badness: (PCLR & ASPD TESTS)
Meanness: (Cleckley tests).
Disinhibition: (must be present with meanness or badness to be diagnosed).

Question 22

Explain alternative theories regarding origins of psychopathy?

Answer 22

1) For one, impairments in recognizing, understanding, and appropriately responding to emotions, both in oneself and others.
2) And two, there are basic impairments in cognitive-attentional processing.

Question 23

What makes the triarchic model effective?

Answer 23

The triarchic model addresses the nature, definitions, and origins of psychopathy through deconstructing the condition into three traits (Badness, meanness, and disinhibition) which is less restrictive than clerkly or DSMs definitions.

Question 24

Provide examples of practiced psychotherapy

Answer 24

1) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
2) Person centered therapy (CPT)
3) Mindfulness based therapy (MBT)
4) Pharmacology treatments

Question 25

Explain Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Answer 25

• Therapy with the most empirical/scientific evidence.
• Most effective form of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders.
• Takes only 12-16 weeks with psychologist.
• Present focused therapy.
• Uses behavioral goals to improve mental illness.
• Focuses on thinking-feeling behavior loop and how to change maladaptive behaviors into new ones.
• Uses cognitive reconstruction, which is the process of identifying, evaluating, and changing maladaptive thoughts in psychotherapy.
• Uses exposure therapy, which engages patients with problematic situations without avoidance.
• Uses take home work to continue process while not in therapy.

Question 26

Explain Mindful Based Therapy?

Answer 26

• Most appropriate and accessible type of theory for people.
• Focuses on the mind-body connection more than other therapies.
• Not much scientific based evidence.
• Works to acknowledge/accept thoughts, understanding thoughts are spontaneous and not what the person truly believes.
• Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MRSR) & mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT). May lead to moderate symptom improvement.

Question 27

Explain DBT?

Answer 27

Combination of CBT and MBT. This treatment is used for borderline PD that teaches distress tolerance.

Question 28

Explain Person Centered Therapy (CPT)

Answer 28

• Focuses on a non-judgmental environment.
• Therapist does not make judgements on thoughts or values of patient and is only their to listen and encourage.
• This system believes mental health problems result from an inconsistency between patients behavior and true personality disorder.
• This idea was developed by Carl Rodgers.
• He stated that humans have an inherent drive to realize and express their own capabilities and creativity.
• They use the same system for every patient.
• Highly acceptable to most patients
• PCT translates well to other therapies.
• Effectiveness is mixed/uncertain.

Question 29

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 29

Developed by Sigmund Freud:
- takes many weeks to complete and is expensive.
- Intensive, long-term approach
- Explores childhood experiences that may have continuing repercussions on ones mental health in the present and later in life
- Believes in the concept of identification, ego, and the super ego and the need for conscious, semiconscious, and unconscious aspects of our minds.
- It believes mental health is the product of tensions between different parts of the mind: identification, ego, and super ego.
- Patients are encouraged to say anything that comes to mind (Free association).

Question 30

Explain Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 30

• Briefer, more individualized.
• More effort to put clients in their social and interpersonal context.
• Focuses on relieving psychological distress than changing behaviors.
• Very little scientific evidence to support this treatment.