WEEK 23 LEARNING OBJECTIVES/TERMS

Question 1

Explain social psychology?

Answer 1

the study of social interactions, including how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of an individual are affected by the presence of others.

Question 2

Explain social cognition?

Answer 2

Study of our thoughts about our social world. The understanding of oneself and others in social situations, and how we process social information.

Question 3

Explain social neuroscience?

Answer 3

Hour our brain is influenced by social behavior.

Question 4

Explain social situations?

Answer 4

How our behavior is not only influenced by our personality traits but instead social situations, which comprise of people we interact with on a daily basis.

Question 5

Social situations create what?

Answer 5

Social influence: where our thoughts and behaviors can change based on the influence of others.

Question 6

Explain attitudes

Answer 6

An evaluation of a person, place, or thing that has a positive or negative component toward it.

Question 7

Strength of an attitude can be assessed by…

Answer 7

How quickly it is expressed - they are cognitively accessible and come to mind. For example, attitudes that make a greater impact on your life are strong.

Question 8

What is a weak attitude?

Answer 8

do not have much influence on behavior

Question 9

What are the three main components of an attitude? (ABC)

Answer 9

1) Affect: How does this object make you feel.
2) Behavior: How does this object make you behave.
3) Cognition: How does this object change your thoughts.

Question 10

What is the theory of attitude consistency? (EX: RECYCLE).

Answer 10

Tells us that attitude behavior consistency is present when there is strong relationship between cognitions, affects, and behavior.
- I recycle because i care about the environment.

Question 11

Explain the process of persuasion

Answer 11

• Involves changing the attitude of others through delivered messages.
• The persuaders credibility is key; if they are perceived as trustworthy, and an expert they are judged as more credible.
• Effective communication; appear unbiased and likeable, similar to us.

Question 12

Explain “The message”

Answer 12

• Presenting two sides of an argument to appear unbiased.
• Using moderate examples instead of extreme ones.
• Speaking faster in a straightforward manners makes the speaker appear to be an expert.

Question 13

What’s door in the face technique?

Answer 13

Appeals to our principle of reciprocity.

Question 14

Briefly describe the elaboration likelihood model?

Answer 14

• Explains attitudes and how to change them. Elaboration is the time and effort put into processing a message before either accepting or rejecting it.

Question 15

Messages are received via?CP

Answer 15

1) Central processing (thoughtful) route.
2) Peripheral processing (spontaneous) route.

Question 16

What is central processing?

Answer 16

Examine the message and find it compelling – leads to a long lasting attitude change – usually a message that is personally relevant and thoughtfully processed.

Question 17

What is Peripheral Processing?

Answer 17

Does not examine the message but is persuaded by the speakers attractiveness, emotional appeal, or other factors. Issue is not as important.

Question 18

The message route is determined by three components (MAO)

Answer 18

Motivation: Relevance/importance.
Ability: Cognition/logical
Opportunity: Time to process.

Question 19

Explain social identity theory?

Answer 19

Refers to our self-concept that comes from membership in a social group.

Question 20

What is self-categorize theory?

Answer 20

We categorize ourselves into social categories (Man, women, student, elderly). As well, stereotype ourselves based on categories we identify with.

Question 21

Please explain self-esteem?
Collective self esteem?
Sociometer theory?

Answer 21

• Refers to how one feels about themself.
• Collective self-esteem is when our self-esteem is attacked, so we can focus on the groups successes. We can also put down other groups to collectively feel better about ourselves.
• Sociometer theory measures our acceptance or inclusion in a group.

Question 22

explain evolutionary advantage of groups?

Answer 22

Individuals who are “loners” were less likely to survive than groups, hence their genes were less likely to be passed on.

Question 23

Explain social facilitation? Included example

Answer 23

Where an individuals performance is improved by the presence of a group. Example, a musician tends to perform better with a large crowd cheering them on. Vice versa, if your bad at a performance than a group makes you worse (social interference).

Question 24

Explain evaluation apprehension?

Answer 24

Happens when we feel that our performance will be judged negatively.

Question 25

Explain social loafing?
(Think about group projects).

Answer 25

When a group, tends to give less than their expected effort because they believe others will pick up their slack. (GROUP PROJECTS).

Question 26

How to overcome social loafing?

Answer 26

• Groups overcome this through teamwork, where teams goals are made.
• Teamwork arises through shared mental models and group cohesion.

Question 27

Explain group polarization?

Answer 27

Occurs when the presence of a group leads to people developing more extreme opinions than when they first started.

Question 28

Explain group think?

Answer 28

When a group tends towards the same opinion in order to preserve harmony and unity. This can be problematic because it can lead to incomplete work or one opinion dominating.

Question 28

Explain prejudice in context to groups?

Answer 28

A negative thought or idea you have towards an individual or group.

Question 28

Explain common knowledge effect?

Answer 28

Occurs when groups spend more time discussing shared information then examining information that only a few members know; limits the spread of new ideas.

Question 29

Explain stereotype in context to groups?

Answer 29

Generalization of groups. These tend to be negative but can be positive. Like all Asian people are smart or Irish people love drinking.

Question 30

Explain discrimination in context to groups?

Answer 30

Treating people differently based on their group membership.

Question 31

Explain the implicit association test (IAT)? blatant/subtle biases?

Answer 31

• People react quickly when they believe that two words are associated, and will have a longer reaction time when there is underlying negativity.
• Blatant biases are openly hostile feelings/behaviors, as opposed to subtle biases.

Question 32

Explain social identity theory and social categorization theory?

Answer 32

SIT: Tendency to favor in-groups over out-groups which can underscore biases.
SCT: We categorize ourselves, just like we categorize animals, foods…etc.

Question 33

Explain social dominance orientation?

Answer 33

A belief that group hierarchies are natural and inevitable and help society maintain stability.

Question 34

Explain right-wing authoritarianism?

Answer 34

Willingness to submit to authorities and hostile to those who don’t adhere to social norms.

Question 35

Explain aversive racism theory?

Answer 35

States that negative evaluations of minorities are realized through complex interactions than overt hatred seen with racism.

Question 36

Stereotype model claims all groups fall under two dimensions

Answer 36

warmth and competence.