Week 21

Question 1

1940-1970s: Time of Change for Indig. People

Answer 1

• WW2 and Post war development closed the gap between environmentally hidden groups
• Especially because of the help of companies
  
  • Commercial dev., Government sponsored infrastructure, free trade

Question 2

Two Groups of Indigenous People around WW2

Answer 2

1- Already forced off land (government help)
2 - not yet forced off land (mining and resource affected some but mostly able to avoid them
( Many of them tried to introduce them into the industrial age, and laws)

Question 3

Contact with Indigenous people and modern world

Answer 3

• Many Indigenous people knew about them but chose to stay away

Question 4

Cultural Observers

Answer 4

• People who had interest, Antrhopologist, missionaries, adventurers/ journalist and government agents
• there was “gain” to getting to know them, but most people were not interested

Question 5

Technology and expansion

Answer 5

• modern warfare tech allowed for rapid expansion
• planes, supply planes, telecommunications, speed of troop movements, construction of infrastructure

Question 6

Allied Powers

Answer 6

• UK, US, Indi, Can, NZ, Australia

Question 7

Axis powers

Answer 7

• Germany Italy Japan

Question 8

World War 2 Narratives

Answer 8

• Descriptions neglext occupations of Indigenous territories
• Japan and pacific islands ex.
• many projects like air fields, staging areas etc occupied Indigenous land
• Benign neglect: try to assimilate Indigenous people who don’t spend money (little success often just ignored)
• now most of then drawn into modern world with the war

Question 9

Ways WW2 Drew Indig. people into modern world

Answer 9

• Bombing
• Occupation
• Dislocation
• Infrastructure projects on Indigenous land
• Influx of soldiers

Question 10

Arrival of Military led to Disruptions

Answer 10

• Overrunning local economies
• sexual liaison (consensual and forced)
• draining of local resources
• introduction of new material
• (most of the time local/ civil authorites left managment of local affairs to military so no one could contest the mistreatment)

Question 11

WW2 Debris

Answer 11

• abandoned or civilian use
• many were destroyed
• seized by local authorities

Question 12

Indigenous people experience in ww2

Answer 12

• Small military role but affected by them
• no government/ group of people consulted them on using land/ resources
• now land is a target of interest for politics

Question 13

WW2 Summary

Answer 13

• Land Occupied by Indigenous people were drawn into industrial world through war
• Places previously safe because of climate and geography were now open for corps and gov.

Question 14

Things that Affected occupation/ development of remote regions

Answer 14

1. continued military build-up associated with the Cold War
2. Keynesian economics: financing deficits to support nations in economic depressions
3. rapid expansion of consumerism
   (NEED FOR RAW MATERIAL)

Question 15

Tribal Wishes not part of the development equation because of …

Answer 15

1. the rapacious appetite for minerals and raw material
2. the needs of the impoverished majority against the desires of a tiny Indigenous minority

Question 16

Newcomers effect

Answer 16

• extended civil society through regional authorities and greater local decision making (while ignoring/ not involving Indigenous people)

Question 17

Extractive Industries

Answer 17

• sprang up in the 50s-60s, led to settlement in previously ignored areas
• Hydroelectric projects: affected a lot of area, with flooding and forcing people to move
• infiltrated areas for material (seen as necessary for progress)

Question 18

New Efforts to assimilate (POST WAR)

Answer 18

• residential schools
• extending schooling to Indigenous people (not boarding style)
• insecurities of resources drew people into the government aid
• Siberia example
• economic collectives, settling mobile people, government sponsored healthcare and education

Question 19

Western Liberal Democracies

Answer 19

• Guild about increasing wealth disparities and ideology of equality and anti-racism
• led to trying to improve the lives of Indigenous peoples through forced assimilation

Question 20

Proxy Wars/ Cold War

Answer 20

• governments had trouble in remote areas
• resources which sustained Indigenous people were destroyed quickly
• some tried to join fighting, others were just overrun
• some found occasional work
• little agency here with wide variety of reactions

Question 21

Chittagong Hills Tribes (Bangladesh)

Answer 21

• Lifting of protection from Indigenous lands

Question 22

Inverventionist Governments

Answer 22

• res. schools
• settlement plans
• training programs
  (Made the save and civilize)

Question 23

Post war change approach

Answer 23

• went from armed force and construction changed to government projects and economic development schemes (social worker became a tool for cultural suppression and assimilation)

Question 24

Post war and Indigenous people in Harsh Env.

Answer 24

• few were still protected by environment
• more were actually saved because colonization forces could not afford to follow through
• but no one can escape the effects of global warming

Question 25

Rapid Change for Indigenous people

Answer 25

• highways, forced relocation, rapid influx of outsiders and new cultural influences
• capitalism as well
• sometimes explicit genocide carried out
• from 40s-70s most people were dispossessed and overrun

Question 26

Hope for environmental awareness to protect

Answer 26

• did not work
• drew on imagery but not on their lifeways
• mainly interested in the ecosystem rather than the people

Question 27

List of mistreatments Indigenous people dealt with

Answer 27

• dismantling social systems
• attacks on tribal governance
• generational conflicts
• substance abuse
• increased racism

Question 28

Rapid changes to Indigenous Communities (postwar)

Answer 28

• dislocation
• government paternalism
• resource extraction
• environmental degradation
• attack on culture and language

Question 29

Post war Summary

Answer 29

• Did not simply accept these intrusions
• many groups came to depend on the changes like government services
• still voiced their converns and found ways to cope