Week 17 Flashcards
Genocide
- Raphael Lemkin 1900-1959
- Barbarity Ldestruction of national groups
- Vandalism: destruction of unique cultural artifacts
- “Criminal intent to destroy or cripple permanently a human group”
- not direct but destruction of life ways
8 Techniques of Destruction
- political
- social
- cultural
- economic
- biological
- physical
- religious
- moral
Lemkin and Colonialization
- intrinsically genocidal
1- destruction of INdigenous way of life
2- newcomers impose their way of life on Indigenous peoples
UN Definition of genocide (a-e)
A) Killing members of group
B) Causiing bodily harm/ mental harm
C) Inflicting life conditions leading to physical destruction
D) Imposing measure to prevent births
E) Transfering children to another group
- removed cultural as an aspect of genocide
Indigenous Genocide Examples
- clearing land of Indigenous people
- forcing labour onto Indigenous people
Cultural Genocide
- Ethnocide
- preventing people from perpetuating thier identity or living how they wish
American Manifest Destiny (Genocide)
- settlers planned/ intended to push out Indigenous people
(disease alone was not the cause)
Kalinago Genocide
- killing of 2000 island Caribs by English/ French in their sleep (After the Caribs planned to eliminate them)
- En/Fr invited them for a part where they got them drunk and killed them in their sleep, remainders were gathered up and killed or enslaved
Jeffery Amherst
- gave infected blankets to Indigenous people
Lewis Cass
Withheld smallpox vaccines to Indigenous people
Trail of Teat
17000 Cherokee people removed from land (half died)
Sand Creek Massacre
-John Chivington led men to killing Cheyenne Arapaho (taking trophies of victory)
California Genocide
- Murdering of 10K Californian Indigenous, allowed by government
- also sold as slaves
- scalps and heads were also rewarded.
potlatch
banned by Canada
-gifting exercise often with a dinner as well
Wild West Shows
- displayed killing of indigenous people/ displacing of them
- Portrayed exploitively
Buffalo Bill Cody
- character from Ned Buntline who wrote “King of the Border Men”
- became a show “Scouts of the Prairie”
- Wild West shows started in 1883
Chief Sitting Bull
- Joined Buffalo Bill’s show and became star attraction
Haka Ceremony
- ruled out, but became a cultural life
Colonial Intrutionsinto Indigenous Lives
1- taking kids into adoption
2- putting childdren in residential schools
3- banning interracial sexual and marital relations
Indigenous people and economics
- Hoped they can take care of themselves economically
- tried to provide some relief but did not try to draw them into local economies
- gov motivations mixed littlework was successful
- became poor in colonial societies
Hokkaido Aborigine Protection Act
- encouraged integrationof Ainto into Mainstream society
Great Exhibition of London
- idealized societies they wanted to displace
Two Types of Genociede
1- Intentionalist (Holocaust)
2- Structuralist (creating a colony erasing original people, “silent genocide”)
Three Problems with the Internationalist Paradigm
- Perpetrator agency is often difficult to identify in colonial context
- Many indigenous deaths were caused by European disease and land displacement
- harming indigenous people was attributed to greedy colonist, rather than to the colonial project
relations of Genocide
- removes the centrality of state policy and premeditation in the internationist definition
- all australians live in objective “relations of genocide”with aborignes and australia was a genocidal society because its original inhabitants died despite gov. help
- often society led then state-led
Indigenocide
- group of immigrants supplant Indigenous people
1- Intentional invasion/ colonization of land
2 - conquest of Indigenous peoples
3 - killin indigenous peoples tothe entent they can bearly reproduce
4- classification as vermin by invaders
5- attempted destruction of Indigenous religious systems
Rethinking Intention
- cobut all policiy makers in the huge apparatus of colonialism had choices
- colonizers did not take their humanitarian concerns seriously enough to halt the project
- `
Processes of Radicalization
- no difference between intending to commit genocide and commit economic development
- became more radializaed when Indigenous people resisted it
- Logic of process
1- seize land and resources
2- subdue and kill those in process
3- ensure that colonial economic system does not collapse
