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2900 > Week 14 > Flashcards

Week 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Discourses of Extinction

A
  • Writing in the West talking about the “doom” of primitive races caused by interactions with civilization
  • invented contruct
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2
Q

Civilized vs Primitive

A
  • Invented construct
  • primitive did not concentrate power/ rule over other beings
    civilizations
    societies with highly stratified structures
    Horicultural/ pastoral societies
    Hunter Gatherers
    (Historical ideas which formed development)
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3
Q

extinction discourse (branched from?)

A
  • branches of imperialism and racism
  • Imperialism: extending nations control over other nations
  • Racism: belief that groups of humans possess behavioral traits corresponding to their physical appearance
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4
Q

extinction discourse characteristics

A

found in European expansion
- uniformity across ideologies and among different groups (Different groups of people coming to same conclusion)
- potent
- worked towards the outcome it predicted and opposed

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5
Q

Celebration and Mourning (extinction discourse)

A
  • sentimental racism
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6
Q

Steep declines in populations (causes)

A

1- colonial violence, warefare and genocide
2- imported diseases
3- belief that “savage customs” led to their own decline
- savagery was self extinguishing
- shifting blame from them to the people ( victim blaming)
- created a temporal “limit”

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7
Q

Race scientists

A
  • believes that savage races lived in the past (studying them = study past)
  • stone age (could not progress to civilization)
  • indigenous = archaic = doomed
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8
Q

Self-exterminating savage

A

opposed to noble savage
- avoid blame of global decimation
- excused and encouraged violence to them
- doomed to fall
- no amount of work can save them
- Also used to criticize colonialization

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9
Q

concept of race

A
  • gave scientific legitimacy to discrimination
  • homogenized people into one molded group
  • this alongside extinction discourse ignore the many paths to civilization and the different types
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10
Q

Extinction discourse as sad

A

poetry
- mourning loss of people before they actually die
- sad at the “inevitable”
- mourning to people would not try to “help” them
- as a whole is preformative

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11
Q

Examples of Extinction Discourse

A

Indian Removal Act (America)
- lead up to by Extinction discourse
- moving Indigenous people east of Mississippi river to the west side
Australia (declaration of Tasmanian Aborigines Extinction)
- led to more colonies and militia (got stronger)

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12
Q

Darwinism

A
  • natural selection (evolution)
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13
Q

Salvage Ethnography

A
  • sciences of mourning
  • saving information of disappearing people/ artifacts but not trying to save them
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14
Q

Extinction Discourse Timeline

A
  • peaked in 1800s - 1930s in British Empire and NA
  • mantra advocated british imperialism and american Manifest Destiny
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15
Q

3 Scientific Discourses Dealing with Extinction of Primitive Races

A

1- Natural History: Taxonomies for human races
2- economics: primitive societies having too many children leading to food shortages then population crash
3- anthropology: move away from humanitarianism to science
all supported view of savagery to be weak and exterminated by their own actions

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16
Q

Scientist and natural historians 4 questions about human races

A
  • Single or multiple species of humans
  • how many distinct races
    -what were the laws or natural causes governing purity vs mixed races
  • what was the hierarchy of races in historical, moral, intellectual and religious terms
17
Q

Dark Races

A
  • everywhere in retreat from white races
  • violence of colonialism was considered by historians and scientists
18
Q

Henry David Thoreau (The Maine Woods)

A
  • history of indigenous extinction
  • “imperfect use of nature”: did not appreciate nature
  • so in-tuned with nature they would have to go with it as colonial expansion continues
19
Q

Dying Native Americans/ White Man’s Indian

A
  • became symbol of pity (ghosts of them in popular culture)
  • showing indigenous people as inferior to White Americans who dispossessed and killed them
20
Q

Benjaman Franklin

A
  • extinction discourse extends well before 18th c
  • drinking is main cause
  • extinction of coastal tribes evidence all would disappear
  • demise of Indians was God’s plan
  • did not matter if they were farmers
  • no stake in improving the land
21
Q

Hector St. John Creveciyr

A
  • warfare was their demise
  • both him and Franklin confused by white captives not wanting to return (but not the other way around)
22
Q

Proof to enforce ideas of doomed fate (2)

A
  • Pequot and King Phillips war
  • Science on Race (dark races are degenerative branches)
23
Q

Mound building

A
  • mountains made for burial or residence
  • did not believe they made them (either degenerate offspring or killers of the moundbuilders)
  • conquering them was revenge for the “moundbuilders” they overtook
  • often mourned loss of Native Knowledge over peopel
24
Q

Abolitionists (slavery)

A
  • expanded their concerns to Indigenous people
  • 1790-1830: supported abolition of slavery and plight of indigenous peoples
  • began to decline in 1840s
  • connection between two were not always clear
  • south africa exception
25
Q

Humanitarian issue

A
  • can be abolitionist and racist: wanting to stop slavery but believing in their inferiority
26
Q

London Missionary Society

A
  • reported to the mistreatment of Hottentots
27
Q

Nongquawuse

A
  • Xhosa Girl
  • saw a vision to save them (killing cattle)
  • settlers saw this as the self exterminating race example
28
Q

White Observers of Austrailian Aborigines

A
  • antithesis to progress and civ
  • no customs, beliefs, values or reason
  • no language
  • did no live in villages
  • did not farm
  • owned nothing
  • no military threat
    (Terra Nullius)
29
Q

William Lanney

A

Last Tasmanian Man
- was grave robbed

30
Q

Trugunini

A
  • Last Tasmanian Woman
  • also grave robbed
31
Q
A

2900 (22 decks)

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