Week 16 Flashcards
Asserting control
- Indigenosu peoples left alone some times (colonizers just leave, finding place too inconvenient)
- different for temperate areas
- Some tried to ignore
Report of Parliamentary Select Commitee on Aboriginal Tribes
- “protected Governance” (Australia/ New Zealand)
- Blueprint of humanitarian policy across british empire
- released in wake of abolition of slavery (1833)
- reducing frontier violence
- spreading Christianity
- prosecuting colonial renegades
When colonization was difficult
slaves imported from Africa
popular discourse of land tenure
- colonial power (military/ technological) overwhelmed Indigenous people who were doomed to extinction anyway
- historians recognize other aspects (displacement and disease)y
Treaty Making
-used to make moral and legal legitamacy to expansion
- non-Europeans did so to protect/ further interests
Pope Paul 3rd
- Prohibited treaties between Catholics and “heretics’
Imbalance of power
- political power vs land knowledge and numbers
- many settlers signed treaties to gain help from indigenous people
Treaties trends
- can be public agreeements between sovereigns or private agreements
- can be negotiated between groups/ individuals
- most often signed with groups they saw as powerful/ “more civilized”
Two Row Wampum
-treaty between Haudenosaunee and British in 1640, evolved into Covenant Chain
Treaty of Waitangi
- Bilingual treaty
- differ in meaning
European Treaty Trends (power)
- Did not value ones signed with non-eurpeans often
- imbalance of power/ unequal terms
Violence
- ## Treaties establish foundation of relations, war/ violence sanctioned them
Treaty Rights
- Medieval Europe individuals could
- by 1500 only soverign nation
- Rights could be delegated to companies through charters
- crowns could exclusively treat
Treaties from, Indigenous leader
- used to gain advantage over rivals
- Indigneous people can get treaties with Europeans to gain power
Motivations for Treaties
- Indigenous people from places of weakness or strength
- European political/ commercial expansionism
- At heart, consent, recognition and obligation
- agreement on land resources and labour
Legitamacy of Treaties
- showcases aspirations for it
- but mainly just a false hope
- Imposed authority often instilled through treaties
Royal Proclamation
- end of 7 year war
- British Recognize Indigenous peoples rights ot land
- ## but not consistently (not in Australia)
Treaties TLDR
- first was accords, to prevent conflict or solidify alliances
- cleared way for settlements and development
- were ignored (by governments)
- Secured Indigenous land for Colonial settlemnts and dev.
Smaller Groups
- less likely to have treaties, instead just took land and used superiority to justify
Smaller Groups Vid TLDR
- intelsive settlement led to rapid regulation and removal of Indigenous people
- they were “controlled/ managed” to not interfere with colonial settlement
Hokkaido Aborigine Protection Act
1899
- was seen as vacant land
- forced assimilation
- repealed in 1997
Indigenous communities and Assimilation
- small groups managed to survive
- Siberian: small groups separated by distance
Bureaucratic structures and legislatives to manage Indig. groups
- US: Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Canada: Dept of Indian Affairs
…
Trail of Tears
- Forced removal of 5 tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek (Muscogee), Chickasaw, Seminole)
- most died before reaching destination
Administrating Indig people TLDR
- Little places in colonial economies/ societies for them
- assimilation and change was encouraged to gain control
- economic activity closely regulated
- few protections from colonial development
