Week 11 Flashcards
Nuhua
- New spain, Agriculture state societies
- Including aztecs (tribute system)
Ninnimissnuok
- New England: semi-sedentary villagers
- Samuel de Champlain
- Sachems
- tribute system
- hierarchies among communities (used land not owned)
-authority in flux no formal arrangements of land use
Innu
- New France: mobile hunters/ gatherers
- moved for food
- land “owned” them
Trends of Nahua, Ninnimissnuok and Innu
- not just victims
- complex systems which governed their territory/ property
- traditions shaped colonial property formations
3 G’s of travel
Gold, God, Glory
Empire vs Colonies
E: collection of polities over vast area under one ruler (small outposts, little control)
C: Subordinate Polities (settlements of people practicing agriculture or exerting control over Indigenous people)
- Colony did not imply holding territory (as did empire)
Empire Effect
presence of settlers create change before permanent residence (diseases, horses, trade goods, guns, ideas and knowledge of faraway lands)
Land dispossession
- not directly done but more so by incidentally interfering with Indigenous subsistence
Three sisters
- corn, beans, squash
St. Lawrence River and Valley
-Innu people lived off of this river
- especially for eel dams
Innu transportation tech
- snowshoes, toboggans and canoes
Conquistador Hernan Cortes
- took over main Aztec settlement
Encomienda system
- done by encomendero
- use of slaves, with use of Aztec slave system
Spanish Conquest on Nahua culture (and land use ideas)
- priesthood decimates
- temples leveled
- nahua government dismantled
- laws and insitutions and ceremonies reconfigured to serve spanish
Nahua ideas of land survived: spanish set up their own beside
Fur trade with Innu
- helped both parties (they got new tech)
- got invested into their way of life
- lost access to coastal region
Jesuit Missionaries and Innu
took access to land and river banks
- trying to convert the Innu
- set up Sillery to encourage settling
Innu and Coastline
- French interested in eel fishery > crowding and overharvesting
- Jesuits helped keep coastlines (for those who converted)
- Missionary at sillery was harsh, made them leave eventually
Ninnimissinuok and English Interactions
- Mayflower Pilgrams/ First Puritans came for new home
- Wampanoags reported on plague in region > Plymouth area vacant
Massasoit
Sachem which made truce with Puritans (saw it as beneficial)
Roger Williams
- Set up Rhode Island
- friends to the Narragansetts
- Indian Deeds: written documents to talk about space (mirrored English common law)
- legal document or friendship agreements
Ninnimissinuok Land loss TLDR
- Puritans coming just to find home, and allies (trade), disease changing balance of power
- eventually overpowered them through numbers
Property encounter themes
- shaped by indigenous people
- different understanding of property
-European ideas of property was mix of beliefs and practices, applied unevenly in the new world
New Spain
- indigenous people majority
- Christian missionaries arrive
- still had more land and population as colonization continued
St. Lawrence Iroquois (french interaction)
- disease (Cartier’s group)
- Climate change
- empire effect of fishers
- wiped out by enemies
- Mohawk used similar land (interacted with french)
Spanish Vs French Vs English Land Rights
- Spanish took what they wanted, did not recognize land title when it did not interfere with colonizing
- English sought exclusive rights to lands (recognized land rights when forced to)
- french > layers of partial and limited claims, sort of recognize Indigneous claims
Massachusets Bay company
- crown legal owning of land (British)
- ## John Winthrop opposed to land ownership (Forced)
Pequot War and King Philip’s War (praying towns)
- War for land
- starting to ignore Indian deeds
- Praying towns (allowing Indigenous people to stay)
Colonial Commons
- land resources shared by everyone (similar to Indigenous ideas of land, led to dispossession)
- cows and sheep taking areas, which took resources from bison
- pushed Indigenous people away then left to enclosure
Place Making
- place of human living space
-European, mapping and and naming - Indigenous people inhabiting, naming and telling stories
- ## Difference
