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Bio 223 > week 2 Integumentary > Flashcards

week 2 Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

two main structures of integumentary system

A

Cutaneous membrane(skin) and accessory structures(hair and glands)

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2
Q

Functions of skin

A

protection of underlying tissues, maintenance of body temperature, detection of touch

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3
Q

Effective diffusion distance

A

1mm

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4
Q

Keratinocytes

A

contain large amounts of keratin which are tough fibrous protein

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5
Q

fibrous protein

A

tough and durable, strength from twist and insoluble

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6
Q

globular protein

A

compact and soluble

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7
Q

thin skin

A

covers most of the body

has four layers of keratinocytes

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8
Q

thick skin

A

covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

has five layers of keratinocytes

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9
Q

5 structures in epidermis

A

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum

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10
Q

Lucidum is not in

A

thin skin

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11
Q

epidermal ridges

A

fingerprints

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12
Q

merkel cells

A

found in hairless skin

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13
Q

melanocytes

A

contains pigment melanin

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14
Q

keratin

A

a tough, fibrous protein

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15
Q

keratinization

A

formation of a layer of dead, protective cells filled with keratin

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16
Q

insensible perspiration

A

interstitial fluid (fluid between cells) lost by evaporation through the stratum corneum

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17
Q

sensible perspiration

A

water excreted by sweat glands

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18
Q

skin color is influenced by

A

carotene and melanin and blood circulation

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19
Q

carotene

A

orange-yellow pigment can be converted to vitamin a

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20
Q

Melanin

A

yellow/red (pheomelanin) pigment and brown/black (Eumelanin) pigment

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21
Q

Ultraviolet radiation has effects on the structure of

A

DNA

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22
Q

Epidermal cells produce

A

vitamin D3

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23
Q

Peptide

A

a chain of amino acids

24
Q

insufficiency of vitamin D3 can cause

25
Q

Epidermal growth factor

A

promotes division of germinative cells, accelerates keratin production, and epidermal repair

26
Q

two components of the Dermis

A

papillary layer and deep reticular layer

27
Q

Papillary Layer

A

consists of areolar tissue

28
Q

reticular layer

A

consist of dense irregular connective tissue; contains fivers from an inter-woven mesh,

29
Q

connective tissue proper

30
Q

Collagen fibers

A

very strong, provide flexibility but then can bend

31
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Permit stretching and then recoil to original length and limit collagen bending to prevent tissue damage

32
Q

Skin turgor

A

both collagen and elastic

33
Q

cleavage lines

A

surgical considerations

34
Q

Hypodermis

A

lies below the integument and connected to reticular layer of the integument. Stabilized the position of the skin.

35
Q

Hair Follicle is an

36
Q

Arrector pili

A

involuntary smooth muscle, prduces “goose bumps”

37
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

control bacteria and lubricates hair

38
Q

Hair root vs hair shaft

A

hair root is attached and shaft is not attached to integument

39
Q

Hair papilla

A

contains capillaries and nerves

40
Q

Medulla of hair shaft

A

central core, soft, flexible keratin

41
Q

Cortex of hair shaft

A

middle layer, hard keratin

42
Q

Cuticle of hair shaft

A

surface layer

43
Q

club hair

A

no longer growing

44
Q

Types of hair:

A

Lanugo (fuzziness on newborn), Vellus hair (soft, fine) and Terminal hairs (heavy, pigmented)

45
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oil glands

46
Q

Sweat glands:

A

apocrine glands

Merocrine gland: watery secretion

47
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

begin to function at puberty

48
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

contraction of cells squeezes gland

49
Q

Holocrine

A

stem cells then replace these cells

50
Q

Aprocine

A

cell repaired

51
Q

Merocrine

A

fusion with something outside. sensible perspiration

52
Q

Mammary glands

A

produce milk

53
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

produce earwax

54
Q

Nail production happens near

A

the deep epidermal old aka the nail root

55
Q

A scab

A

stabilizes and protects area

56
Q

A clot

A

isolates the area

Bio 223 (10 decks)

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