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Medicine Year 1 > Week 141 Diabetes > Flashcards

Week 141 Diabetes Flashcards

0
Q

Long acting insulins?

A

Levemir - Insulin determir

Lantus - Insulin glargine

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1
Q

Short acting Insulins?

A

Actrapid (trade name) -Soluble insulin

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2
Q

What drug is Humalog?

A

Insulin Lispro

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3
Q

What drug is Apidra?

A

Insulin Glulisine

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4
Q

Rapid acting insulins?

A

Novorapid - Insulin Aspart
Apidra- Insulin glulisine
Humalog - Insulin lispro

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5
Q

Intermediate acting insulin?

A

NPH (neutral protamine Hagedorn)

Isophane (Insulatard/humulin I)

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6
Q

Which insulins can be provided as a continuous sub cut?

A

Novorapid

Actrapid (most common)

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7
Q

How many times a day do you inject long acting insulin?

A

once per day

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8
Q

How many times a day do you inject intermediate insulins?

A

Twice a day

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9
Q

What type of insulin do you use with type 1 Diabetes?

A

Long/Intermediate with short/rapid with meals

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10
Q

What type of insulin do you use with type 2 diabetes?

A

Can be treated with just long/intermediate.

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11
Q

Which device would you use to deliver novorapid?

A

Novapen cartridge

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12
Q

Which device would you use to deliver Lantus?

A

CliKstar Cartridge.

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13
Q

When filling in an insulin prescription chart, what things must you copmlete?

A 
Name
Hospital Number
Date
Initials
Bleep
Units & times
Name (caps)
Device for delivery (see BNF)
Signature
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14
Q

A new patient advises you that they’re a diabetic on insulin. What do you ask?

A

Type
Units (how often included in this)
Times
Delivery Device

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15
Q

What does protamine do?

A

Protamine is combined with a rapid acting insulin to form crystals which delay absorbtion, giving an intermediate acting insulin profile.

16
Q

Intermediate insulin peaks ___ hours after delivery.

A

5.5

17
Q

Short acting insulin peaks how many hours after injection?

A

2.5

18
Q

What does HLA mean?

A

Human Leukocyte antigen.

19
Q

Which HLA mutations occur in Type 1 Diabetes?

A

DR3 & DR4

20
Q

Which mutations occur in type 2 diabetes?

A

None. No HLA association.

21
Q

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

A

Autoimmune beta cell destruction (islets of langerhan in the pancreas).

22
Q

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

A

Beta cell destruction, insulin resistance.

23
Q

How does type 1 diabetes typically present?

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Weight loss
Ketosis

24
Q

What is Ketosis and what can cause it?

A

Elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood.
Formed by ketogenesis when glycogen stores in the liver are depleted.
May result from fasting or switching to low carb diet.

25
Q

The three main types of ulcer in the foot?

A

Neuropathic
Venous
Arterial

26
Q

How often does NICE recommend eye tests for diabetics?

A

Once per 6/12. Usually more like once a year.

27
Q

Which two drugs would be good for a diabetic patient with cvd and hypertension?

A

Ramipril

Statin

28
Q

Name ELEVEN (11) Risk Factors for insulin resistance

A

Obesity, Age, Lack of exercise, Asian, Metabolic syndrome, Drugs, Pregnancy, Renal failure, Endocrine conditions (i.e. cushings)
Cystic fibrosis
PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)

29
Q

What THREE classes of microvascular injury are associated complications of Diabetes?

A

Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Neuropathy

30
Q

What FOUR classes of complications associated with Diabetes are MACROVASCULAR?

A

Stroke
Renal Disease
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Heart Disease

31
Q

What is the normal glucose range (mmol/l)?

A

4-7

32
Q

Above ___ HbA1c levels are particularly dangerous…

A

100

33
Q

What is the normal Non-Diabetic range of HbA1c in mmol?

A

Approx 20-42

34
Q

When treating, what principles should you consider?

A 
Holistic approach
BP control
Hyperlipidaemia
Diet/Exercise/lifestyle/alcohol
Surgery
DVLA
35
Q

Which supplements are advisable for diabetic patients?

A

Cinnamon
Vanadium
Chromium

36
Q

What is the popular term for the drug Biguanide?

A

Metformin

Medicine Year 1 (39 decks)

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