Week 108 - The normal child Flashcards
How can you calculate the expected delivery date of a baby?
LMP + 9 calender months + 7 days
What is the Endoderm?
One of the 3 embryonic germ layers. Gives rise to various tissues including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and endocrine glands.
What is the Gastrulation of an embryo?
A phase early in the development of animal embryos, during which the morphology of the embryo is dramatically restructured by cell migration. In humans this process gives rise to the 3 embryonic germ layers.
What is Allantois?
Extension of the primitive gut or yolk sac (depending on the stage of development) into the umbilical cord
What is the Epiblast ?
The outer layer of cells in the inner cell mass that will form the embryo.
What is the Mesoderm ?
The middle embryonic germ layer, lying between the ectoderm and the endoderm, from which connective tissue, muscle, bone, and the urogenital and circulatory systems develop.
What does erythematous mean?
red
Whats the normal RR for a new born?
40-60
How long does it take from fertilisationi to birth?
38 weeks
What is the Amnion?
A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus of a mammal, bird, or reptile. It is filled with a serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended
What is the Blastocyst?
The early embryo as a sphere of cells with a fluid-filled central cavity. (Sometimes called the blastula).
What is the Syncytium/?
A mass of cytoplasm having many nuclei but no internal cell boundaries.
What is the Trophoblast ?
The outermost layer of cells of the blastocyst that attaches the fertilized ovum to the uterine wall and serves as a nutritive pathway for the embryo.
What is a Zygote ?
The cell formed by the union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum before cleavage. (egg + sperm)
In an embyro how does the body stop blood from entering the lungs
vasoconstriction of pulmanory arteries and the ductus
How is the ductus arteriosus closed?
smooth muscle contraction due to oxygen
Whats the normal BP for a new born?
65/40
what are common signs of distress in a new born/
tachypnoea retraction / recession flaring of ala nasae cyanosis (central) expiratory grunting
After 8 weeks the development stage of the featus is called the
foetal period
What is an Embryo
The embryo of vertebrates is defined as the organism between the first division of the zygote (a fertilized ovum) until it becomes a foetus (8 weeks in humans).
What are the Blastomeres?
Any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg early in embryo development
What are the Cytotrophoblast?
The inner layer of the trophoblast.
What are the Embryoblast?
Any of the germinal disk cells of the inner cell mass in the blastocyst that form the embryo.
what is significant about the 8 week mark in featal development?
where it becomes a featus, most features have developed if not fully functioning
Where does accretion happen?
bone/cartilage
What is Teratogenesis?
The formation of congenital malformations. Literally “monster making” (Greek).
What are Amnioblasts?
Cells of the amniotic membrane. From the epiblast
What is Differentiation of a cell?
The process by which cells or tissues undergo a change toward a more specialised form or function.
What are the Gap junctions?
An intercellular network of protein channels that facilitates the cell-to-cell passage of ions, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
What is a Oocyte ?
A cell from which an egg or ovum develops by meiosis; a female gametocyte.
What is the Syncytiotrophoblast?
The syncytial outer layer of the trophoblast
What is ment if a cell is Totipotent ?
its able to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism (stem cell).
What is ectoderm?
The outermost of the three germ layers of the developing embryo. Gives rise to the epidermis, nervous tissue, and sense organs develop
What is the Morula?
The spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.
What is the Ductus Ateriosus?
a connection between the pulmonary artery and aortic arch in embyros
What is the Eustachian valve?
In fetal life, the Eustachian valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left atrium and away from the right ventricle
What does it mean if an infant is blue at birth?
nothing, its normal
Whats the normal HR for a new born?
110-150
In embryology what is the Neural plate?
A thick, flat bundle of ectoderm which develops in the embryo into the neural tube and subsequently the nervous system.
What is the Zona pellucida?
The thick, solid, transparent outer membrane of a developed mammalian ovum
What are the lungs filled with at birth?
fluid
What is proliferation?
where cells divide
What is accretion?
where cells secrete ECM to push itself away from its neighbourghing cells
What are the Neural crest cells?
Cells derived from the ectoderm able to migrate extensively and generate many differentiated cell types (e.g. neurons, glial cells, the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland, pigmented cells of the epidermis).
What is the Blastocoele?
The fluid-filled, central cavity of a blastocyst (or blastula).
What is an Ovum ?
The female reproductive cell
How long does it take on average from last mensrual period to birth
40 weeks
What is hypertrophy?
Where cells get larger
In the embryo what is Neurulation?
A morphogenetic process in the embryonic development of the vertebrates, by which the neural plate folds into the neural tube
What is Cleavage in an embyro?
A series of cell divisions in the ovum immediately following fertilization.
What is the Notochord ?
A rod of cells constituting the foundation of the axial skeleton, since around it the segments of the vertebral column are formed
What is the first 8 weeks of a fetouses development called (period)
embryonic period
What is the Endometrium?
The glandular mucous membrane that lines the uterus.
