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Medicine Year 1 > Week 108 - The normal child > Flashcards

Week 108 - The normal child Flashcards

1
Q

How can you calculate the expected delivery date of a baby?

A

LMP + 9 calender months + 7 days

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2
Q

What is the Endoderm?

A

One of the 3 embryonic germ layers. Gives rise to various tissues including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and endocrine glands.

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3
Q

What is the Gastrulation of an embryo?

A

A phase early in the development of animal embryos, during which the morphology of the embryo is dramatically restructured by cell migration. In humans this process gives rise to the 3 embryonic germ layers.

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4
Q

What is Allantois?

A

Extension of the primitive gut or yolk sac (depending on the stage of development) into the umbilical cord

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5
Q

What is the Epiblast ?

A

The outer layer of cells in the inner cell mass that will form the embryo.

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6
Q

What is the Mesoderm ?

A

The middle embryonic germ layer, lying between the ectoderm and the endoderm, from which connective tissue, muscle, bone, and the urogenital and circulatory systems develop.

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7
Q

What does erythematous mean?

A

red

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8
Q

Whats the normal RR for a new born?

A

40-60

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9
Q

How long does it take from fertilisationi to birth?

A

38 weeks

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10
Q

What is the Amnion?

A

A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus of a mammal, bird, or reptile. It is filled with a serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended

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11
Q

What is the Blastocyst?

A

The early embryo as a sphere of cells with a fluid-filled central cavity. (Sometimes called the blastula).

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12
Q

What is the Syncytium/?

A

A mass of cytoplasm having many nuclei but no internal cell boundaries.

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13
Q

What is the Trophoblast ?

A

The outermost layer of cells of the blastocyst that attaches the fertilized ovum to the uterine wall and serves as a nutritive pathway for the embryo.

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14
Q

What is a Zygote ?

A

The cell formed by the union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum before cleavage. (egg + sperm)

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15
Q

In an embyro how does the body stop blood from entering the lungs

A

vasoconstriction of pulmanory arteries and the ductus

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16
Q

How is the ductus arteriosus closed?

A

smooth muscle contraction due to oxygen

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17
Q

Whats the normal BP for a new born?

A

65/40

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18
Q

what are common signs of distress in a new born/

A

tachypnoea retraction / recession flaring of ala nasae cyanosis (central) expiratory grunting

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19
Q

After 8 weeks the development stage of the featus is called the

A

foetal period

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20
Q

What is an Embryo

A

The embryo of vertebrates is defined as the organism between the first division of the zygote (a fertilized ovum) until it becomes a foetus (8 weeks in humans).

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21
Q

What are the Blastomeres?

A

Any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg early in embryo development

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22
Q

What are the Cytotrophoblast?

A

The inner layer of the trophoblast.

23
Q

What are the Embryoblast?

A

Any of the germinal disk cells of the inner cell mass in the blastocyst that form the embryo.

24
Q

what is significant about the 8 week mark in featal development?

A

where it becomes a featus, most features have developed if not fully functioning

25
Q

Where does accretion happen?

A

bone/cartilage

26
Q

What is Teratogenesis?

A

The formation of congenital malformations. Literally “monster making” (Greek).

27
Q

What are Amnioblasts?

A

Cells of the amniotic membrane. From the epiblast

28
Q

What is Differentiation of a cell?

A

The process by which cells or tissues undergo a change toward a more specialised form or function.

29
Q

What are the Gap junctions?

A

An intercellular network of protein channels that facilitates the cell-to-cell passage of ions, hormones, and neurotransmitters.

30
Q

What is a Oocyte ?

A

A cell from which an egg or ovum develops by meiosis; a female gametocyte.

31
Q

What is the Syncytiotrophoblast?

A

The syncytial outer layer of the trophoblast

32
Q

What is ment if a cell is Totipotent ?

A

its able to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism (stem cell).

33
Q

What is ectoderm?

A

The outermost of the three germ layers of the developing embryo. Gives rise to the epidermis, nervous tissue, and sense organs develop

34
Q

What is the Morula?

A

The spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.

35
Q

What is the Ductus Ateriosus?

A

a connection between the pulmonary artery and aortic arch in embyros

36
Q

What is the Eustachian valve?

A

In fetal life, the Eustachian valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left atrium and away from the right ventricle

37
Q

What does it mean if an infant is blue at birth?

A

nothing, its normal

38
Q

Whats the normal HR for a new born?

A

110-150

39
Q

In embryology what is the Neural plate?

A

A thick, flat bundle of ectoderm which develops in the embryo into the neural tube and subsequently the nervous system.

40
Q

What is the Zona pellucida?

A

The thick, solid, transparent outer membrane of a developed mammalian ovum

41
Q

What are the lungs filled with at birth?

A

fluid

42
Q

What is proliferation?

A

where cells divide

43
Q

What is accretion?

A

where cells secrete ECM to push itself away from its neighbourghing cells

44
Q

What are the Neural crest cells?

A

Cells derived from the ectoderm able to migrate extensively and generate many differentiated cell types (e.g. neurons, glial cells, the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland, pigmented cells of the epidermis).

45
Q

What is the Blastocoele?

A

The fluid-filled, central cavity of a blastocyst (or blastula).

46
Q

What is an Ovum ?

A

The female reproductive cell

47
Q

How long does it take on average from last mensrual period to birth

A

40 weeks

48
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Where cells get larger

49
Q

In the embryo what is Neurulation?

A

A morphogenetic process in the embryonic development of the vertebrates, by which the neural plate folds into the neural tube

50
Q

What is Cleavage in an embyro?

A

A series of cell divisions in the ovum immediately following fertilization.

51
Q

What is the Notochord ?

A

A rod of cells constituting the foundation of the axial skeleton, since around it the segments of the vertebral column are formed

52
Q

What is the first 8 weeks of a fetouses development called (period)

A

embryonic period

53
Q

What is the Endometrium?

A

The glandular mucous membrane that lines the uterus.

Medicine Year 1 (39 decks)

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