Week 123 Depression Flashcards
How do anti-cholinergics work?
They essentially bind to and block ACh receptors. ACh is the main naurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction.
How do tricyclic anti depressants work?
Inhibit uptake of monoamines in the pre-synaptic neuron, by competitively binding to the ATPase monoamine pump in the cell membrane.
Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertaline and citalopram are all _______.
SSRIs
SSRIs reduce the neuronal reuptake of ______
serotonin
SSRIs are less dangerous and have less side effects than ____
TCSa
The action of most anti-psychotic drugs is through ____________.
blockade of dopamine receptors
D1 AND D2 ANTIPYSCHOTICS MAINLY BLOCK _________.
D2 RECEPTORS
THE BLOCKADE OF ______ AND _____ REGIONS IS THOUGHT TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANTI PYSCHOTIC EFFECTS.
MESOLIMBIC AND MESOCORTICAL REGIONS
NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME IS A SIDE EFFECT OF WHICH DRUG TYPE?
ANTI - PSYCHOTICS.
AMITRYPTYLINE AND IMIPRAMINE, NORTRIPTYLINE AND LOFEPRAMINE ARE ________. THEY ARE VERY DANGEROUS IN OVERDOSE DUE TO _______. THEY ARE CONTRA INDICATED _____
TCAS.
VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS
IMMEDIATELY POST-MI
CITALOPRAM, FLUOXETINE, PAROXETINE AND SERTRALINE ARE ALL ______. CONTR INDICATED IN UNDER _____. IT IS THE SAFEST CLASS OF ANTIDEPRESSANT IN ______.
SSSIS
18
OVERDOSE
PHENELZINE AND MOCLOBEMIDE ARE EXAMPLES OF ______. WHEN TAKING YOU SHOULD AVOID TYRAMINE RICH FOOD.
MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS.
MIRTAZAPINE AND TRAZODONE ARE EXAMPLES OF _______.
RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
VENLAFAXINE AND DULOXETINE ARE _______. CAUTION IS ADVISED WITH ALCOHOL, WARFARIN AND CLOZAPINE.
SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS.
METCLOPRAMIDE, PROCHLORPERAZINE, CYCLIZINE, ORDANSETRON ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF DRUGS THAT ACT ON ______
THE GI SYSTEM
BISOPROLOL, DOXAZOSIN AND ADRENALINE ALL ACT ON THE ______
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ATROPINE, IPRATROPIUM, OXBUTYNIN, CHLORPHENAMINE AND SALBUTAMOL ALL ACT ON _______.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
HALOPERIDOL, QUETIAPINE, CO-BENELDOPA, ROPINIROLE, CODEINE, MORPHINE, TRAMADOL, LORAZEPAM, TAMULOSIN, FLUOXETINE, SUMATRIPTAN ARE ALL DRUGS THAT ACT ON THE _____
CNS.
ACETYCHOLINE IS PRODUCED IN THE ____ AND _____
BASAL FOREBRAIN AND BRAINSTEM
AMANDAMIDE IS PRODUCED ______ AND IS AN ENDO_____
EVERYWHERE
ENDOCANNABINOID
DOPAMINE IS PRODUCED IN THE _____
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
ENDORPHINS ARE PRODUCED IN THE _____
HYPOTHALAMUS
GABA IS PRODUCED IN THE ____ AND IS AN
HYPOTHALAMUS
GLUTAMATE IS PRODUCED ____
EVERYWHERE
GLYCIN IS PRODUCED IN THE ____, ____ AND ____
SPINAL CORD
BRAIN STEM
RETINA
HISTAMINE IS AN ______ AND IS PRODUCED IN THE ______
IMIDAZOLEAMINE
POSTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS
NORADRENALINE IS AN ______ AND IS PRODUCED IN THE ______
CATECHOLAMINE
LOCUS CERULEUS
SEROTONIN IS AN ______ AND IS PRODUCED IN THE _______.
INDOLEAMINE
RAPHE NUCLEI
TO WHAT DOES THE TERM GLIA REFER?
THE OTHER CELLS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1: ASTROCYTES
2: OLIGODENDROCYTES
3: MICROALGIA
4: EPENDYMAL CELLS (MAKE CSF)
GABA IS FORMED BY ALPHA DECARBOXYLATION OF _____
GLUTAMATE
WHAT IS GLYCINE?
ANOTHER MAJOR INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER
: ONLY IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS
: ALSO CONDUCTS CL-
BLOCKED BY STRYCHNINE
WHAT TWO DRUGS TARGET SEROTONIN RECEPTORS?
1: LSD –> LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
2: SUMATRIPTAN –> MIGRAINE TREATMENT
WHICH TWO DRUGS BLOCK SEROTONIN RECEPTORS?
1: ONDANSETRON (ANTI EMETIC)
2: CLOZAPINE (ATYPICAL ANTIPYSCHOTIC)
WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PROLONGED ACTIVATION OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS?
PROLONGED ACTIVATION = HYPEREXCITABILITY
- SEIZURES
- EXCITOTOXICITY
- STROKE
ALTERATION OF GABAERGIC RECEPTOR CIRCUITS HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN ________.
HUNTINGDONS PARKINSONS SENILE DEMENTIA ALZHEIMERS SCHIZOPHRENIA
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF GABA RECEPTOR?
GABA A - IONOTROPIC CONDUCT CL- WITH FAST INHIBITION
GABA B - METABOTROPIC
- PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION OF GABA RELEASE (FEEDBACK CONTROL MECHANISM)
WHERE DOES SEROTONIN ACT?
RAPHE NUCLEI PROJECTIONS
THROUGHOUT CORTEX
THALAMUS, HIPPOCAMPUS, MEDULLA, SPINAL CORD
WHAT IS THE SERITONERGIC SYSTEM IMPLICATED IN?
DEPRESSION APPETITE CONTROL NAUSEA SLEEP SECUAL AROUSAL ANALGESIA
WHAT DRUGS TARGET THE SEROTINERGIC SYSTEM?
SSRIs
SNRIs
ORDANSETRON
WHICH 3 IONOTROPHIC RECEPTORS DOES GLUTAMATE PRIMARILY BIND TO?
AMPA
NMDA
KAINATE
WHAT IS THE MAIN EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CNS?
GLUTAMATE
EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY RECEPTORS ARE RECEPTORS OF WHICH TYPE?
IONITROPHIC
