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Medicine Year 1 > Week 106 GORD/PUD > Flashcards

Week 106 GORD/PUD Flashcards

0
Q

WHAT DO CHIEF CELLS SECRETE?

A

PEPSINOGEN

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1
Q

WHAT DO PARIETAL CELLS SECRETE?

A

GASTRIC JUICE AND INTRINSIC FACTOR

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2
Q

WHAT DO G CELLS SECRETE

A

GASTRIN

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3
Q

WHAT DO ENTERCHROMFFIN LIKE CELLS (ELC) SECRETE?

A

HISTAMINE

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4
Q

WHAT DO D CELLS SECRETE?

A

SOMATOSTATIN.

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5
Q

WHERE ARE G CELLS FOUND?

A

THE ANTRUM OF THE STOMACH.

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6
Q

WHAT PART OF THE STOMACH HAS NO (NONE!!) PARIETAL CELLS?

A

THE CARDIA

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7
Q

WHERE ARE G CELLS LOCALISED WITHIN THE GASTRIC PIT?

A

BOTTOM OF THE CRYPT.

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8
Q

A DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B12 WILL LEAD TO WHICH CONDITION?

A

PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA.

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9
Q

PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY A DECREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF WHICH CELLS?

A

PARIETAL.

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10
Q

WHAT SUPPRESSES OTHER HORMONES WITHIN THE STOMACH

A

SOMATOSTATIN.

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF SOMATOSTATIN?

A

DELAYS GASTRIC EMPTYING

REDUCED GASTRIC BLOOD FLOW

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12
Q

WHAT ACTIVATES THE K+/H+ PUMP IN PARIETAL CELLS?

A

GASTRIN.

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14
Q

WHAT NERVE IS STIMULATED TO PRODUCE GASTRIC SECRETION?

A

VAGUS.

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15
Q

WHAT REGULATES THE RELEASE OF MUCOUS HCO3?

A

PROSTAGLANDINS.

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16
Q

WHAT DRUGS INHIBIT PROSTAGLANDIN PRODUCTION?

A

NSAIDS.

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17
Q

WHAT IS A SYNDROME INVOLVING PANCREATIC ADENOMA CAUSING EXCESSIVE GASTRIN PRODUCTION, THEREFORE ACID SECRETION?

A

ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME.

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18
Q

WHAT CAN ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME ALSO CAUSE?

A

PEPTIC ULCERS.

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19
Q

WHAT DRUGS WOULD YOU USE TO TREAT ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME?

A

PPI.

20
Q

HOW DOES H. PYLORI INFECTION CAUSE ANTRAL D CELLS TO PRODUCE LESS SOMATOSTATIN?

A

AMMONIA PRODUCTION TO NEUTRALISE ACID.

21
Q

WHAT CAN LONG TERM REFLUX CAUSE?

A

BARRETTS OESOPHAGUS

22
Q

WHAT PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCUR IN BARRETTS OESOPHAGUS

A

METAPLASIA –> SQUAMOUS TO COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM.

23
Q

WHAT COMPLICATIONS ARISE IN BARRETS OESOPHAGUS?

A

STRICTURES
ULCERS
OESOPHAGEAL CANCER

24
Q

LACK OF PERISTALSIS AND TONE OF LOS CAUSES WHAT?

A

ACHALASIA

25
Q

WHAT TYPE OF BARRETTS - WITH JUST SIMPLE MUCOUS GLANDS ARE PRESENT?

A

CARDIAC.

26
Q

WHAT TYPE OF BARRETTS OCCURS WHEN PARIETAL CELLS ARE PRESENT?

A

BODY

27
Q

WHAT TYPE OF BARRETS OCCURS WHEN GOBLET CELLS ARE PRESENT?

A

INTESTINAL.

28
Q

WHAT TREATMENT FOR BARRETS CAN BE USED TO TRY AND REGROW THE NORMAL SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM?

A

LASER OR PHOTO DYNAMIC THERAPY.

29
Q

WHAT TYPE OF GASTRITIS CAUSES LOW ACID AND GASTRIC ULCERS?

A

PAN GASTRITIS.

30
Q

ANTRAL GASTRITIS CAUSES WHAT?

A

HIGH GASTRIN, HIGH ACID AND DUODENAL ULCER.

31
Q

WHAT IS CAUSED FROM ECTOPIC GASTRIC MUCOSA?

A

MECKELS DIVERTICULUM.

32
Q

WHICH ORGANISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH OESOPHAGITIS?

A

CANDIDA

33
Q

WHAT TESTS WOULD YOU PERFORM TO CONFIRM THE ERADICATION OF H.PYLORI INFECTION?

A

SEROLOGY
ENDOSCOPY
RAPID-UREASE TESTING
BIOPSY

34
Q

THE C13 UREA BREATH TEST IS COMPROMISED BY USE OF WHICH MEDICATIONS?

A

PPI
ANTIBIOTICS
H2 INHIBITOR
BACTERIA IN THE GUT

35
Q

OMEPRAZOLE IS A _____. IT REDUCES STOMACH ACIDITY BY BLOCKING _____.

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

BLOCKS K+/H+ PUMPS IN PARIETAL CELLS WITHIN THE STOMACH.

36
Q

Define GORD

A

chronic reflux disorder, caused by failure of patency of los.

37
Q

What is odynophagia?

A

Pain with swallowing

38
Q

Which investigation is the gold standard for diagnosis of GORD.

A

Ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring.

39
Q

What is a reflux episode defined as?

A

pH <4 (24-48 hours)

40
Q

A barium swallow can be used to _____

A

examine upper GI disorders, i.e. strictures.

41
Q

What investigation is used to assess the motor function of the UES and LEs?

A

Oesophageal Manometry.

42
Q

What is an Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy?

A

Diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualises the upper part of the GI tract (up to duodenum). minimally invasive.

43
Q

Treatment for H.Pylori infection?

A

PPI and 2x antibiotic therapy.

44
Q

Drugs ending in ‘tidine’ are _____.

A

H2 antagonists. These reduce stomach acid by blocking H2 receptors.

45
Q

What is a nissen fundoplication?

A
  • Upper part of stomach is wrapped around LES to strengthen the sphincter, prevent reflux and repair hernia.
  • Often done laprascopically.

Medicine Year 1 (39 decks)

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