Week 106 GORD/PUD Flashcards
WHAT DO CHIEF CELLS SECRETE?
PEPSINOGEN
WHAT DO PARIETAL CELLS SECRETE?
GASTRIC JUICE AND INTRINSIC FACTOR
WHAT DO G CELLS SECRETE
GASTRIN
WHAT DO ENTERCHROMFFIN LIKE CELLS (ELC) SECRETE?
HISTAMINE
WHAT DO D CELLS SECRETE?
SOMATOSTATIN.
WHERE ARE G CELLS FOUND?
THE ANTRUM OF THE STOMACH.
WHAT PART OF THE STOMACH HAS NO (NONE!!) PARIETAL CELLS?
THE CARDIA
WHERE ARE G CELLS LOCALISED WITHIN THE GASTRIC PIT?
BOTTOM OF THE CRYPT.
A DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B12 WILL LEAD TO WHICH CONDITION?
PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA.
PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY A DECREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF WHICH CELLS?
PARIETAL.
WHAT SUPPRESSES OTHER HORMONES WITHIN THE STOMACH
SOMATOSTATIN.
WHAT ARE THE MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF SOMATOSTATIN?
DELAYS GASTRIC EMPTYING
REDUCED GASTRIC BLOOD FLOW
WHAT ACTIVATES THE K+/H+ PUMP IN PARIETAL CELLS?
GASTRIN.
WHAT NERVE IS STIMULATED TO PRODUCE GASTRIC SECRETION?
VAGUS.
WHAT REGULATES THE RELEASE OF MUCOUS HCO3?
PROSTAGLANDINS.
WHAT DRUGS INHIBIT PROSTAGLANDIN PRODUCTION?
NSAIDS.
WHAT IS A SYNDROME INVOLVING PANCREATIC ADENOMA CAUSING EXCESSIVE GASTRIN PRODUCTION, THEREFORE ACID SECRETION?
ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME.
WHAT CAN ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME ALSO CAUSE?
PEPTIC ULCERS.
WHAT DRUGS WOULD YOU USE TO TREAT ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME?
PPI.
HOW DOES H. PYLORI INFECTION CAUSE ANTRAL D CELLS TO PRODUCE LESS SOMATOSTATIN?
AMMONIA PRODUCTION TO NEUTRALISE ACID.
WHAT CAN LONG TERM REFLUX CAUSE?
BARRETTS OESOPHAGUS
WHAT PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCUR IN BARRETTS OESOPHAGUS
METAPLASIA –> SQUAMOUS TO COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM.
WHAT COMPLICATIONS ARISE IN BARRETS OESOPHAGUS?
STRICTURES
ULCERS
OESOPHAGEAL CANCER
LACK OF PERISTALSIS AND TONE OF LOS CAUSES WHAT?
ACHALASIA
WHAT TYPE OF BARRETTS - WITH JUST SIMPLE MUCOUS GLANDS ARE PRESENT?
CARDIAC.
WHAT TYPE OF BARRETTS OCCURS WHEN PARIETAL CELLS ARE PRESENT?
BODY
WHAT TYPE OF BARRETS OCCURS WHEN GOBLET CELLS ARE PRESENT?
INTESTINAL.
WHAT TREATMENT FOR BARRETS CAN BE USED TO TRY AND REGROW THE NORMAL SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM?
LASER OR PHOTO DYNAMIC THERAPY.
WHAT TYPE OF GASTRITIS CAUSES LOW ACID AND GASTRIC ULCERS?
PAN GASTRITIS.
ANTRAL GASTRITIS CAUSES WHAT?
HIGH GASTRIN, HIGH ACID AND DUODENAL ULCER.
WHAT IS CAUSED FROM ECTOPIC GASTRIC MUCOSA?
MECKELS DIVERTICULUM.
WHICH ORGANISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH OESOPHAGITIS?
CANDIDA
WHAT TESTS WOULD YOU PERFORM TO CONFIRM THE ERADICATION OF H.PYLORI INFECTION?
SEROLOGY
ENDOSCOPY
RAPID-UREASE TESTING
BIOPSY
THE C13 UREA BREATH TEST IS COMPROMISED BY USE OF WHICH MEDICATIONS?
PPI
ANTIBIOTICS
H2 INHIBITOR
BACTERIA IN THE GUT
OMEPRAZOLE IS A _____. IT REDUCES STOMACH ACIDITY BY BLOCKING _____.
PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
BLOCKS K+/H+ PUMPS IN PARIETAL CELLS WITHIN THE STOMACH.
Define GORD
chronic reflux disorder, caused by failure of patency of los.
What is odynophagia?
Pain with swallowing
Which investigation is the gold standard for diagnosis of GORD.
Ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring.
What is a reflux episode defined as?
pH <4 (24-48 hours)
A barium swallow can be used to _____
examine upper GI disorders, i.e. strictures.
What investigation is used to assess the motor function of the UES and LEs?
Oesophageal Manometry.
What is an Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy?
Diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualises the upper part of the GI tract (up to duodenum). minimally invasive.
Treatment for H.Pylori infection?
PPI and 2x antibiotic therapy.
Drugs ending in ‘tidine’ are _____.
H2 antagonists. These reduce stomach acid by blocking H2 receptors.
What is a nissen fundoplication?
- Upper part of stomach is wrapped around LES to strengthen the sphincter, prevent reflux and repair hernia.
- Often done laprascopically.
