Week #11

Question 1

What are the two growth forms of fungi?

Answer 1

Single-celled: Yeasts

Multicellular, filamentous structures: Mycelia (singular: Mycelium) | Comprised of hyphae (have cell walls, mainly of chitin)

Question 2

T/F - Hyphae can be modified for predation?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is Haustoria?

Answer 3

Appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip) that penetrates host’s tissue & draws nutrients from it

Question 4

What are some characteristics of the fungal lifestyle?

Answer 4

Heterotrophs that acquire nutrients by absorption (Extracellular digestion & Exoenzymes)
As decomposers (saprobes): Absorb nutrients from nonliving organisms
As parasites: Absorb nutrients from living hosts’ cells
Some are pathogenic
Mutualistic symbionts: Absorb nutrients from a host organism, but reciprocate with something beneficial

Question 5

What are the 5 phyla of fungi?

Answer 5

Chytridiomycota (Chytrids), Zygomycota (Zygote fungi), Glomeromycota (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), Ascomycota (Sac fungi), Basidiomycota (Club fungi)

Question 6

What are traits of Chytrids (Chytridiomycota)?

Answer 6

Freshwater, live in herbivores guts (help digest food)

Question 7

What are traits of Zygote fungi (Zygomycota)?

Answer 7

Soil + wet environments, common bread mold + fruit rot

Question 8

What are traits of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota)?

Answer 8

90% of plants have relationship with mycelia

Question 9

What are traits of Sac fungi (Ascomycota)?

Answer 9

“Ascot”, 70% of fungi belong to group, yeast, penicillin, morels, lichens

Question 10

What are traits of Club fungi (Basidiomycota)?

Answer 10

Typical mushroom, lichens, mutualistic with insects

Question 11

Draw Fungi Phylogeny with common and scientific names

Answer 11

Rate yourself

Question 12

What are some important roles of fungi?

Answer 12

Decomposers
Consumption (Yeast in baking, wine, beer)
Antibiotics (Penicillin)
Pathogens: Fungal infection = Mycosis
Mostly infect plants: Some attack food crops and make compounds toxic to humans
Athlete’s foot; Candida albicans - Normally inhabits body, can become pathogenic = yeast infections

Question 13

What are important symbiont roles of fungi?

Answer 13

Mycorrhizae “fungus roots” (Hyphae of certain fungi and roots of most seed plants; feed land plants)

Fungal-animal symbiosis (Help animals digest tough materials: E.g., leaf-cutting ants & termites)

Question 14

What are the 4 phyla of plants?

Answer 14

Bryophytes (mosses), Pteridophytes (ferns), Gymnosperms (conifers), Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 15

What are Bryophytes?

Answer 15

Mosses; Nonvascular plants: No vascular tissue to conduct water or provide support

Question 16

What are Pteridophytes?

Answer 16

Ferns; Seedless Plants: Have vascular tissue but do not make seeds

Question 17

What are Gymnosperms?

Answer 17

Conifers; Seed Plants: have vascular tissue and make seeds; pollen & “naked” seeds

Question 18

What are Angiosperms?

Answer 18

Flowering plants; Seed Plants: have vascular tissue, make seeds, flower, and fruit

Question 19

What are Spermatophytes?

Answer 19

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms; plants that bear seeds

Question 20

Draw Plant Phylogeny with common and scientific names and traits

Answer 20

Rate yourself

Question 21

T/F - Protista are single-celled Eukaryotes and most are water dwelling?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is Endosymbiotic Theory?

Answer 22

Unicellular organisms engulfed other cells, which became organelles: chloroplasts, mitochondria