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Bio 181 > Week #10 > Flashcards

Week #10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 characteristics used to organize organisms?

A

Skull Types, Temperature Regulation, Excretory Product, Extraembryonic Membranes, Life Cycles (STEEL)

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2
Q

What is a haploid?

A

One set of chromosomes (n)

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3
Q

What is a diploid?

A

Two sets of chromosomes (2n)

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4
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells (haploid)

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5
Q

What is a gametophyte?

A

A multicellular haploid stage, produces gametes

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6
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division process; yields haploid gametes or spores

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7
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division process; yields identical cells

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8
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reproductive cell that can be produced by fungi, plants, and bacteria

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9
Q

What is a sporophyte?

A

A multicellular diploid generation, produces asexual spores

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10
Q

Who goes through diploid cell cycle?

A

Animals

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11
Q

Who goes through haploid cell cycle?

A

Most fungi and some algae

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12
Q

Who goes through Alternations of Generations?

A

Plants and some algae

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13
Q

What is Alternations of Generations?

A

Life cycle with two phases/stages; Haploid (Gametophyte) and Diploid (Sporophyte)

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14
Q

Draw each of the 3 life cycles and make sure u know who does what

A

Rate yourself

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15
Q

How many species are there?

A

10 to 14 million

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16
Q

How many species have been documented?

A

~12 million

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17
Q

How many species do scientists estimate?

A

1 trillion

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18
Q

Who and what are non-amniotes?

A

Fish and amphibians; Eggs laid in water; no special water-filled enclosure

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19
Q

Who are amniotes?

A

Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals (RBM)
R & B: Shelled egg
M: Marsupial (pouch) or sac/uterus

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20
Q

What are eggs protected by…?

A

Amniotic membrane

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21
Q

What is the amnion?

A

Protects the embryo in a sac filled with amniotic fluid; serves as hydration and shock absorber

22
Q

What is the yolk sac?

A

Contains yolk (food source, mixture of proteins and lipoproteins)

23
Q

What is the chorion?

A

Lines the inner surface of the shell; Participates in gas exchange between the embryo and the outside air

24
Q

What is the allantois?

A

Stores metabolic wastes

25
Q

Who excretes Ammonia?

A

Most aquatic animals, including many fishes

26
Q

Who excretes Urea?

A

Mammals, amphibians, sharks, some bony fishes

27
Q

Who excretes Uric acid?

A

Birds, insects, many reptiles, land snails

28
Q

What are endotherms?

A

Produce own heat

29
Q

What are ectotherms?

A

Rely on heat from environment

30
Q

What are homeotherms?

A

Maintain a constant body temperature, independent of the external environment

31
Q

What are heterotherms?

A

Allow body temperature to fluctuate

32
Q

What are synapsids?

A

Mammals, 1 temporal fenestrae

33
Q

What are diapsids?

A

Birds and reptiles, 2 temporal fenestrae

34
Q

What are anapsids?

A

Turtles, no temporal fenestrae

35
Q

What are sauropsids?

A

Anapsids and diapsids

36
Q

T/F - The domain Animalia has about 34 phyla, and they’re heterotrophs

A

True

37
Q

What are the 5 characteristics used to classify animals?

A

Tissues, Fluid Cavity (coelom, pseudocoelom, neither), Cephalization, Body Symmetry, Development (protosome and deuterosome)

TFCBD “The Floor Carries Big Doodoo”

38
Q

T/F - Only sponges lack tissues?

A

True, they have different cell types that are not organized into tissues; all other animals have tissues

39
Q

What are diploblasts?

A

Develop from two embryonic germ layers (ectoderm - skin and endoderm - organs)

40
Q

What are triploblasts?

A

Develop from three embryonic germ layers (ectoderm - skin, endoderm - organs, and mesoderm - inbetween, bodily tissues and structures ex. muscles)

41
Q

T/F - All triploblastic animals are bilateral?

A

False, all triploblastic animals are bilateral except adult echinoderms (starfish, etc.: radial symmetry

42
Q

What is a body cavity?

A

Fluid-filled space separating digestive tract from outer body wall

43
Q

What is a coelom?

A

Body cavity completely surrounded by mesodermal tissue, triploblastic
Internal organs can grow and move independently of each other

44
Q

What are acoelomates?

A

Exhibit bilateral symmetry and possess one internal space, the digestive cavity

ex. flatworms*, tapeworms, etc.

45
Q

What is a pseudocoelom?

A

Body cavity not completely surrounded by mesodermal tissue

46
Q

What are protosomes?

A

Mouth develops first
ex. arthropods (spiders, insects, crustaceans), mollusks

47
Q

What are deuterosomes?

A

Anus develops first
ex. Phylum: Chordata, Echinoderms

48
Q

What traits does the Phylum: Chordata exhibit?

A

Notochord (cartilaginous, rod-like forming)
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits or clefts
Muscular, post-anal tail
3 subphyla: Vertebrata, Urochordata, Cephalochordata
Vertebrates: spinal column (Reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, fish)

49
Q

Make sure you can draw the animal phylogeny and know what differentiates each phylum

A

Rate yourself

50
Q

What is the outgroup of animal phylogeny?

A

Choanoflagellates (aren’t multicellular)

Bio 181 (12 decks)

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