Week #10

Question 1

What are the 5 characteristics used to organize organisms?

Answer 1

Skull Types, Temperature Regulation, Excretory Product, Extraembryonic Membranes, Life Cycles (STEEL)

Question 2

What is a haploid?

Answer 2

One set of chromosomes (n)

Question 3

What is a diploid?

Answer 3

Two sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 4

What are gametes?

Answer 4

Sex cells (haploid)

Question 5

What is a gametophyte?

Answer 5

A multicellular haploid stage, produces gametes

Question 6

What is meiosis?

Answer 6

Cell division process; yields haploid gametes or spores

Question 7

What is mitosis?

Answer 7

Cell division process; yields identical cells

Question 8

What is a spore?

Answer 8

A reproductive cell that can be produced by fungi, plants, and bacteria

Question 9

What is a sporophyte?

Answer 9

A multicellular diploid generation, produces asexual spores

Question 10

Who goes through diploid cell cycle?

Answer 10

Animals

Question 11

Who goes through haploid cell cycle?

Answer 11

Most fungi and some algae

Question 12

Who goes through Alternations of Generations?

Answer 12

Plants and some algae

Question 13

What is Alternations of Generations?

Answer 13

Life cycle with two phases/stages; Haploid (Gametophyte) and Diploid (Sporophyte)

Question 14

Draw each of the 3 life cycles and make sure u know who does what

Answer 14

Rate yourself

Question 15

How many species are there?

Answer 15

10 to 14 million

Question 16

How many species have been documented?

Answer 16

~12 million

Question 17

How many species do scientists estimate?

Answer 17

1 trillion

Question 18

Who and what are non-amniotes?

Answer 18

Fish and amphibians; Eggs laid in water; no special water-filled enclosure

Question 19

Who are amniotes?

Answer 19

Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals (RBM)
R & B: Shelled egg
M: Marsupial (pouch) or sac/uterus

Question 20

What are eggs protected by…?

Answer 20

Amniotic membrane

Question 21

What is the amnion?

Answer 21

Protects the embryo in a sac filled with amniotic fluid; serves as hydration and shock absorber

Question 22

What is the yolk sac?

Answer 22

Contains yolk (food source, mixture of proteins and lipoproteins)

Question 23

What is the chorion?

Answer 23

Lines the inner surface of the shell; Participates in gas exchange between the embryo and the outside air

Question 24

What is the allantois?

Answer 24

Stores metabolic wastes

Question 25

Who excretes Ammonia?

Answer 25

Most aquatic animals, including many fishes

Question 26

Who excretes Urea?

Answer 26

Mammals, amphibians, sharks, some bony fishes

Question 27

Who excretes Uric acid?

Answer 27

Birds, insects, many reptiles, land snails

Question 28

What are endotherms?

Answer 28

Produce own heat

Question 29

What are ectotherms?

Answer 29

Rely on heat from environment

Question 30

What are homeotherms?

Answer 30

Maintain a constant body temperature, independent of the external environment

Question 31

What are heterotherms?

Answer 31

Allow body temperature to fluctuate

Question 32

What are synapsids?

Answer 32

Mammals, 1 temporal fenestrae

Question 33

What are diapsids?

Answer 33

Birds and reptiles, 2 temporal fenestrae

Question 34

What are anapsids?

Answer 34

Turtles, no temporal fenestrae

Question 35

What are sauropsids?

Answer 35

Anapsids and diapsids

Question 36

T/F - The domain Animalia has about 34 phyla, and they're heterotrophs

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What are the 5 characteristics used to classify animals?

Answer 37

Tissues, Fluid Cavity (coelom, pseudocoelom, neither), Cephalization, Body Symmetry, Development (protosome and deuterosome) TFCBD "The Floor Carries Big Doodoo"

Question 38

T/F - Only sponges lack tissues?

Answer 38

True, they have different cell types that are not organized into tissues; all other animals have tissues

Question 39

What are diploblasts?

Answer 39

Develop from two embryonic germ layers (ectoderm - skin and endoderm - organs)

Question 40

What are triploblasts?

Answer 40

Develop from three embryonic germ layers (ectoderm - skin, endoderm - organs, and mesoderm - inbetween, bodily tissues and structures ex. muscles)

Question 41

T/F - All triploblastic animals are bilateral?

Answer 41

False, all triploblastic animals are bilateral except adult echinoderms (starfish, etc.: radial symmetry

Question 42

What is a body cavity?

Answer 42

Fluid-filled space separating digestive tract from outer body wall

Question 43

What is a coelom?

Answer 43

Body cavity completely surrounded by mesodermal tissue, triploblastic Internal organs can grow and move independently of each other

Question 44

What are acoelomates?

Answer 44

Exhibit bilateral symmetry and possess one internal space, the digestive cavity ex. flatworms*, tapeworms, etc.

Question 45

What is a pseudocoelom?

Answer 45

Body cavity not completely surrounded by mesodermal tissue

Question 46

What are protosomes?

Answer 46

Mouth develops first ex. arthropods (spiders, insects, crustaceans), mollusks

Question 47

What are deuterosomes?

Answer 47

Anus develops first ex. Phylum: Chordata, Echinoderms

Question 48

What traits does the Phylum: Chordata exhibit?

Answer 48

Notochord (cartilaginous, rod-like forming) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal slits or clefts Muscular, post-anal tail 3 subphyla: Vertebrata, Urochordata, Cephalochordata Vertebrates: spinal column (Reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, fish)

Question 49

Make sure you can draw the animal phylogeny and know what differentiates each phylum

Answer 49

Rate yourself

Question 50

What is the outgroup of animal phylogeny?

Answer 50

Choanoflagellates (aren't multicellular)