Week #10 Flashcards
What are the 5 characteristics used to organize organisms?
Skull Types, Temperature Regulation, Excretory Product, Extraembryonic Membranes, Life Cycles (STEEL)
What is a haploid?
One set of chromosomes (n)
What is a diploid?
Two sets of chromosomes (2n)
What are gametes?
Sex cells (haploid)
What is a gametophyte?
A multicellular haploid stage, produces gametes
What is meiosis?
Cell division process; yields haploid gametes or spores
What is mitosis?
Cell division process; yields identical cells
What is a spore?
A reproductive cell that can be produced by fungi, plants, and bacteria
What is a sporophyte?
A multicellular diploid generation, produces asexual spores
Who goes through diploid cell cycle?
Animals
Who goes through haploid cell cycle?
Most fungi and some algae
Who goes through Alternations of Generations?
Plants and some algae
What is Alternations of Generations?
Life cycle with two phases/stages; Haploid (Gametophyte) and Diploid (Sporophyte)
Draw each of the 3 life cycles and make sure u know who does what
Rate yourself
How many species are there?
10 to 14 million
How many species have been documented?
~12 million
How many species do scientists estimate?
1 trillion
Who and what are non-amniotes?
Fish and amphibians; Eggs laid in water; no special water-filled enclosure
Who are amniotes?
Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals (RBM)
R & B: Shelled egg
M: Marsupial (pouch) or sac/uterus
What are eggs protected by…?
Amniotic membrane
What is the amnion?
Protects the embryo in a sac filled with amniotic fluid; serves as hydration and shock absorber
What is the yolk sac?
Contains yolk (food source, mixture of proteins and lipoproteins)
What is the chorion?
Lines the inner surface of the shell; Participates in gas exchange between the embryo and the outside air
What is the allantois?
Stores metabolic wastes
Who excretes Ammonia?
Most aquatic animals, including many fishes
Who excretes Urea?
Mammals, amphibians, sharks, some bony fishes
Who excretes Uric acid?
Birds, insects, many reptiles, land snails
What are endotherms?
Produce own heat
What are ectotherms?
Rely on heat from environment
What are homeotherms?
Maintain a constant body temperature, independent of the external environment
What are heterotherms?
Allow body temperature to fluctuate
What are synapsids?
Mammals, 1 temporal fenestrae
What are diapsids?
Birds and reptiles, 2 temporal fenestrae
What are anapsids?
Turtles, no temporal fenestrae
What are sauropsids?
Anapsids and diapsids
T/F - The domain Animalia has about 34 phyla, and they’re heterotrophs
True
What are the 5 characteristics used to classify animals?
Tissues, Fluid Cavity (coelom, pseudocoelom, neither), Cephalization, Body Symmetry, Development (protosome and deuterosome)
TFCBD “The Floor Carries Big Doodoo”
T/F - Only sponges lack tissues?
True, they have different cell types that are not organized into tissues; all other animals have tissues
What are diploblasts?
Develop from two embryonic germ layers (ectoderm - skin and endoderm - organs)
What are triploblasts?
Develop from three embryonic germ layers (ectoderm - skin, endoderm - organs, and mesoderm - inbetween, bodily tissues and structures ex. muscles)
T/F - All triploblastic animals are bilateral?
False, all triploblastic animals are bilateral except adult echinoderms (starfish, etc.: radial symmetry
What is a body cavity?
Fluid-filled space separating digestive tract from outer body wall
What is a coelom?
Body cavity completely surrounded by mesodermal tissue, triploblastic
Internal organs can grow and move independently of each other
What are acoelomates?
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and possess one internal space, the digestive cavity
ex. flatworms*, tapeworms, etc.
What is a pseudocoelom?
Body cavity not completely surrounded by mesodermal tissue
What are protosomes?
Mouth develops first
ex. arthropods (spiders, insects, crustaceans), mollusks
What are deuterosomes?
Anus develops first
ex. Phylum: Chordata, Echinoderms
What traits does the Phylum: Chordata exhibit?
Notochord (cartilaginous, rod-like forming)
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits or clefts
Muscular, post-anal tail
3 subphyla: Vertebrata, Urochordata, Cephalochordata
Vertebrates: spinal column (Reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, fish)
Make sure you can draw the animal phylogeny and know what differentiates each phylum
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What is the outgroup of animal phylogeny?
Choanoflagellates (aren’t multicellular)
