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Anatomy and Physiology BIO10004 > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the urinary system

A
  1. Excretion (removal of waste).
  2. Elimination of urine.
  3. Homeostasis.
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2
Q

What does the urinary system excrete?

A
  1. Urea.
  2. Creatinine.
  3. Uric acid.
    (all waste products)
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3
Q

How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?

A

Maintains blood volume, pressure, pH, ions, amino acids, nutrients.

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4
Q

List the components of the urinary system.

A
  1. Kidneys.
  2. Ureters (urinary tract).
  3. Urinary bladder.
  4. Urethra.
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5
Q

What is the main function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

A

Produces urine.

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6
Q

What is the main function of the ureters in the urinary system?

A

Transport urine to urinary bladder.

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7
Q

What is the main function of the urinary bladder?

A

Temporary storage of urine prior to urination.

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8
Q

What is the main function of the urethra?

A

Conducts urine to the environment and in males transports semen.

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9
Q

What much blood flow do the kidneys receive from the cardiovascular system?

A

20-25% which is about 1200mL a minute.

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10
Q

What is the anatomical location of the kidneys?

A

Anterior lateral to L1-L2, left kidney is normally a little more superior.

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11
Q

What is the basic anatomy of the kidney?

A
  1. Renal cortex (outer layer).
  2. Renal medulla/renal pyramids.
  3. Renal pelvis.
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12
Q

What is the function unit of the kidneys?

A

Nephrons.

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13
Q

What are the two main sections of a nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

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14
Q

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

A
  1. Glomerulus (bundle of blood vessels called tufts).

2. Bowman’s capsule (cup-like sac that houses the glomerulus).

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15
Q

List the sections of the renal tubule.

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule.
  2. Loop of Henle.
  3. Distal convoluted tubule.
  4. Collecting duct/renal papilla.
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16
Q

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Reabsorption of water, ions and organic nutrients.

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17
Q

What are the main functions of the loop of Henle?

A

Descending portion reabsorbs water and the ascending portion reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions.

18
Q

What are the main functions of the distal convoluted tubule?

A
  1. Secretion of ions, acids, drugs and toxins.

2. Variable reabsorption of water, sodium ions and calcium ions (hormonal control).

19
Q

What is the function of the collecting duct?

A

Reabsorbs water and ions.

20
Q

What is the main function of the renal corpuscle?

A

Filtration of blood.

21
Q

What fluid circulates the nephron?

A

Filtrate.

22
Q

What is urine?

A

Waste liquid produces by kidneys.

23
Q

What are the main organs in the female reproductive system?

A
  1. Ovaries.
  2. Uterine tubes.
  3. Uterus.
  4. Vagina.
24
Q

What are the main anatomical sections of the vagina?

A
  1. Labium minus.
  2. Labium majus.
  3. Clitoris.
  4. Vaginal canal.
25
Q

What are the main functions of the vagina?

A
  1. Passageway for menstrual fluid elimination.
  2. Receives penis during sexual intercourse.
  3. Lower portion of birth canal.
26
Q

What are the main anatomical sections of the uterus?

A
  1. Cervix.
  2. Uterine cavity.
  3. Uterine body.
  4. Endometrium (a thin, inner, vascular, glandular layer).
  5. Myometrium (outer muscular layer).
  6. Perimetrium (membrane covering myometrium).
27
Q

What is the main function of the uterine tubes?

A

Transporting eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.

28
Q

What is the main function of the ovaries?

A

Production of oocytes/immature eggs (oogenesis).

29
Q

What is the function of breasts in females?

A

Milk production.

30
Q

What are the main anatomical sections of the breast?

A
  1. Mammary gland.
  2. Nipple.
  3. Adipose tissue.
  4. Areolar tissue.
  5. Suspension ligaments.
31
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

The production and maturation of oocytes into ovum.

32
Q

Explain the basic steps of the ovarian cycle.

A
  1. Follicular phase (oocyte production occurs).
  2. Ovulation (oocytes are ovulated from ovaries and become ovum).
  3. Luteal phase (ruptured follicle creates corpus luteum which releases progesterone)
33
Q

Explain the basic steps of the uterine cycle.

A
  1. Menstrual phase (menstrual flow occurs).
  2. Proliferation phase (endometrial layer begins to thicken).
  3. Secretory phase (uterine glands secrete substances necessary for embryo development).
34
Q

List the main anatomical sections of the male reproductive system.

A
  1. Penis.
  2. Urethra.
  3. Bulbourethral gland.
  4. Prostate gland.
  5. Bladder.
  6. Seminal vesicle.
  7. Ductus deferens.
  8. Epididymis.
  9. Testicles.
  10. Scrotum.
35
Q

What are the two muscles of the scrotum?

A
  1. Dartos muscle - Wrinkles scrotal sac.

2. Cremaster muscle - Pulls sac close to body.

36
Q

What is the function of the seminal glands?

A

Produce fructose and roughly 60% of sperm volume.

37
Q

What is the function of the prostate?

A

Prevents roughly 30% of semen volume and prevents coagulation.

38
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Provides alkaline mucus.

39
Q

List the anatomical sections of the penis.

A
  1. Shaft.
  2. Glands (head).
  3. Smooth muscle.
  4. Erectile tile.
40
Q

What is the function of the testis and epididymis?

A

Production of sperm.

41
Q

What structures support the kidney?

A

Renal fascia and renal capsule.

Anatomy and Physiology BIO10004 (13 decks)

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