Week 11 Flashcards
List the functions of the urinary system
- Excretion (removal of waste).
- Elimination of urine.
- Homeostasis.
What does the urinary system excrete?
- Urea.
- Creatinine.
- Uric acid.
(all waste products)
How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?
Maintains blood volume, pressure, pH, ions, amino acids, nutrients.
List the components of the urinary system.
- Kidneys.
- Ureters (urinary tract).
- Urinary bladder.
- Urethra.
What is the main function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
Produces urine.
What is the main function of the ureters in the urinary system?
Transport urine to urinary bladder.
What is the main function of the urinary bladder?
Temporary storage of urine prior to urination.
What is the main function of the urethra?
Conducts urine to the environment and in males transports semen.
What much blood flow do the kidneys receive from the cardiovascular system?
20-25% which is about 1200mL a minute.
What is the anatomical location of the kidneys?
Anterior lateral to L1-L2, left kidney is normally a little more superior.
What is the basic anatomy of the kidney?
- Renal cortex (outer layer).
- Renal medulla/renal pyramids.
- Renal pelvis.
What is the function unit of the kidneys?
Nephrons.
What are the two main sections of a nephron?
Renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
What does the renal corpuscle consist of?
- Glomerulus (bundle of blood vessels called tufts).
2. Bowman’s capsule (cup-like sac that houses the glomerulus).
List the sections of the renal tubule.
- Proximal convoluted tubule.
- Loop of Henle.
- Distal convoluted tubule.
- Collecting duct/renal papilla.
What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption of water, ions and organic nutrients.
What are the main functions of the loop of Henle?
Descending portion reabsorbs water and the ascending portion reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions.
What are the main functions of the distal convoluted tubule?
- Secretion of ions, acids, drugs and toxins.
2. Variable reabsorption of water, sodium ions and calcium ions (hormonal control).
What is the function of the collecting duct?
Reabsorbs water and ions.
What is the main function of the renal corpuscle?
Filtration of blood.
What fluid circulates the nephron?
Filtrate.
What is urine?
Waste liquid produces by kidneys.
What are the main organs in the female reproductive system?
- Ovaries.
- Uterine tubes.
- Uterus.
- Vagina.
What are the main anatomical sections of the vagina?
- Labium minus.
- Labium majus.
- Clitoris.
- Vaginal canal.
What are the main functions of the vagina?
- Passageway for menstrual fluid elimination.
- Receives penis during sexual intercourse.
- Lower portion of birth canal.
What are the main anatomical sections of the uterus?
- Cervix.
- Uterine cavity.
- Uterine body.
- Endometrium (a thin, inner, vascular, glandular layer).
- Myometrium (outer muscular layer).
- Perimetrium (membrane covering myometrium).
What is the main function of the uterine tubes?
Transporting eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
What is the main function of the ovaries?
Production of oocytes/immature eggs (oogenesis).
What is the function of breasts in females?
Milk production.
What are the main anatomical sections of the breast?
- Mammary gland.
- Nipple.
- Adipose tissue.
- Areolar tissue.
- Suspension ligaments.
What is oogenesis?
The production and maturation of oocytes into ovum.
Explain the basic steps of the ovarian cycle.
- Follicular phase (oocyte production occurs).
- Ovulation (oocytes are ovulated from ovaries and become ovum).
- Luteal phase (ruptured follicle creates corpus luteum which releases progesterone)
Explain the basic steps of the uterine cycle.
- Menstrual phase (menstrual flow occurs).
- Proliferation phase (endometrial layer begins to thicken).
- Secretory phase (uterine glands secrete substances necessary for embryo development).
List the main anatomical sections of the male reproductive system.
- Penis.
- Urethra.
- Bulbourethral gland.
- Prostate gland.
- Bladder.
- Seminal vesicle.
- Ductus deferens.
- Epididymis.
- Testicles.
- Scrotum.
What are the two muscles of the scrotum?
- Dartos muscle - Wrinkles scrotal sac.
2. Cremaster muscle - Pulls sac close to body.
What is the function of the seminal glands?
Produce fructose and roughly 60% of sperm volume.
What is the function of the prostate?
Prevents roughly 30% of semen volume and prevents coagulation.
What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?
Provides alkaline mucus.
List the anatomical sections of the penis.
- Shaft.
- Glands (head).
- Smooth muscle.
- Erectile tile.
What is the function of the testis and epididymis?
Production of sperm.
What structures support the kidney?
Renal fascia and renal capsule.
