Week 10 Flashcards
What are the biologically based needs that highlight the importance of relationships?
- Food
- Oxygen
- Warmth
- Safety
- Belonging
These needs are fundamental for survival and well-being.
What is the evolutionary basis for romantic bonds?
Facilitate reproduction
This implies that such bonds have developed to enhance the survival of the species.
What behaviors across cultures support the idea of a universal need to belong? (5)
- Care giving between mother and child
- Wrestling between siblings
- Flirtation among young people
- Affection between romantic partners
- Dominance displays between adolescent males
What did Harlow’s monkeys experiment demonstrate about comfort versus food?
Infant monkeys preferred warmth and comfort over food. (Preferred cloth mother without milk vs wire mother with food)
This highlights the significance of emotional support in development.
What are exchange relationships characterized by?
Interactions based on equity and reciprocity.
Input-to-output ratio should be equal
These relationships often involve a balance of give-and-take.
What is a key feature of communal relationships?
Interactions based on a sense of ‘oneness’
Tend to be long-term
In these relationships, the input-output ratio does not have to be equal.
What does social exchange theory suggest about people’s motivations in relationships?
People seek out interactions that have more rewards than costs.
Motivated to maximise their own feelings of satisfaction.
This theory emphasizes the balance of benefits in social interactions.
What is equity theory in the context of relationships?
People are motivated to pursue fairness in relationships, sharing rewards and costs roughly equally.
This theory helps explain why unbalanced relationships can lead to dissatisfaction.
What is attachment theory?
A theory about how early attachments with parents shape our relationships for the rest of our lives.
This theory posits that early experiences influence later interpersonal dynamics.
What is the strange situation paradigm used to assess?
Infant attachment to a caregiver.
This method evaluates how infants respond to their caregiver’s presence and absence.
What characterizes secure attachment in infants?
- Actively explores the room when Mom is around
- Upset when Mom leaves
- Happy when Mom returns
Securely attached infants typically have responsive caregivers.
What is a common outcome for adults with secure attachment styles?
They are more likely to be married and report greater satisfaction in relationships.
This suggests that secure attachment contributes positively to adult relationships.
What are the three variables that explain why we are attracted to some people more than others?
- Proximity
- Similarity
- Physical attractiveness
These factors play significant roles in forming friendships and romantic relationships.
What is the mere exposure effect?
The phenomenon where increased exposure to something leads to greater liking.
This effect has been demonstrated in various studies, including those involving words and images.
According to research, how does similarity affect attraction?
People tend to like those who are similar to themselves.
Similarity in demographic and personality traits enhances interpersonal attraction.
What does the halo effect imply?
Attractive people are perceived to have a host of positive qualities beyond their physical appearance.
This cognitive bias affects how we evaluate others based on attractiveness.
True or False: The belief that ‘opposites attract’ is supported by research.
False.
Research indicates that similarity is a stronger predictor of attraction.
What was the purpose of the study involving men and women with pictures?
To assess how physical attractiveness affects perceptions of women by men.
