Ch 9-11 Quiz Study Guide Flashcards
Differences between stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination
- beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of a particular group
- predjudice: attitude/affective response toward members of a group
Discrimination: action - good/bad treatment of people based on their group membership.
What is the mere exposure effect?
- the more you’re exposed to, the more you like it.
What is subtyping?
- explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to be different from the group as a whole.
How does benevolent sexism impact the behavior of women?
- women who deviate from typical gender norms are treated with hostility
- women treated paternalistically later performed worse on an intellectual test us of the self doubt created.
What behaviors can you best predict with the IAT?
- unconscious prejudices toward particular groups.
Describe the investment model of relationships. What are the factors determining commitment?
- three factors influencing commitment
- comparison with alternatives
- investment from both parties
- satisfaction
What is normative social influence? What is informational social influence? When are these most likely to occur?
- NSI: desire to be liked, more likely to occur in clear/unambiguous situations.
- ISI: desire to be right, more likely to occur with situation is more ambiguous.
What are the features of anxious attachment? (Insecure resistant)
- clinginess
- VERY upset when mum leaves, does not accept comfort on return either.
- caregiver tends to be unpredictable.
What factors increase conformity?
Group size
Unanimity
Anonymity
Expertise/status
Culture
Tight/loose cultures
Gender
What is the negative state relief hypothesis? What is the positive mood maintenance hypothesis?
- when they increase compliance cus doing sm for other people helps make u feel better
- to continue feeling good, you comply with requests
Describe reason-based techniques (foot-in-door, door-in-face, that’s not all!). What is the idea of reciprocity?
Door in the face: start with very large Favour, then follow up with modest request
Foot in the door: start with modest request, follow up with large Favour
That’s not all: adding sm to an original offer - elicits norm of reciprocity.
Idea of reciprocity: you help those who help you, and vice versa.
What is automatic mimicry? What is an example of how this might present in life?
- unconsciously imitating others’ behavior
Eg yawning when other people yawn
What is social identity theory? Realistic Group Conflict Theory?
- a person’s self concept and self esteem are derived from both personal identity and own accomplishments and status and accomplishments of groups they belong to.
- when intergroup hostility can arise due to competing for limited resources
Do as others_____________ refers to compliance, do as others ___________ refers to obedience, and do as others ____________ refers to conformity.
- want
- command
- do
In the Milgram study, what percentage of participants delivered near-fatal shocks? Which factors were thought to decrease compliance rates in follow-up studies?
66%
- proximity to victim and to authority
(Moving victim closer, and authority further)
What is the difference between an exchange relationship and a communal relationship? What are features of each?
Exchange relationship: interactions are based on equity and reciprocity, input-output ratio should be the same
Communal relationships: interactions based on oneness
ER:
- tend to be short term
CR:
- tend to be long term.
What factors predict relationship satisfaction? What are keys to a happy relationship?
- satisfaction - needs for intimacy
- quality of alternatives - no other high quality alternatives
- investment from both partners
When does stereotype threat occur?
- it is the fear of confirming a stereotype that others have about a group to which they belong - happens when there is:
- increased arousal
- distraction
- when there is negative thinking
Describe the roles of similarity and proximity in attraction.
- people tend to like people whoa re similar to themselves
- if people have complementary personality traits, might work well together (opposites attract, but not rly)
- because it validates our beliefs, facilitates smooth interaction, if you like you, they’ll like you, similar other have qualities we like
- proximity:
- more likely to interact with that person
- expectation of frequent interaction with a person motivates you to ensure mutual liking
- mere exposure effect
Which strategy (or strategies) for resolving intergroup conflict are most likely to be successful? Why?
- by forcing groups to work together and depend on each other (superordinate goals)
- by introducing competition against outgroups often increases in group cohesion.
- intergroup competition led the in groups themselves to adopt group names, social norms, create a shared social identity.
