Ch 9-11 Quiz Study Guide

Question 1

Differences between stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination

Answer 1

• beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of a particular group
• predjudice: attitude/affective response toward members of a group
  Discrimination: action - good/bad treatment of people based on their group membership.

Question 2

What is the mere exposure effect?

Answer 2

• the more you’re exposed to, the more you like it.

Question 3

What is subtyping?

Answer 3

• explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to be different from the group as a whole.

Question 4

How does benevolent sexism impact the behavior of women?

Answer 4

• women who deviate from typical gender norms are treated with hostility
• women treated paternalistically later performed worse on an intellectual test us of the self doubt created.

Question 5

What behaviors can you best predict with the IAT?

Answer 5

• unconscious prejudices toward particular groups.

Question 6

Describe the investment model of relationships. What are the factors determining commitment?

Answer 6

• three factors influencing commitment
• comparison with alternatives
• investment from both parties
• satisfaction

Question 7

What is normative social influence? What is informational social influence? When are these most likely to occur?

Answer 7

• NSI: desire to be liked, more likely to occur in clear/unambiguous situations.
• ISI: desire to be right, more likely to occur with situation is more ambiguous.

Question 8

What are the features of anxious attachment? (Insecure resistant)

Answer 8

• clinginess
• VERY upset when mum leaves, does not accept comfort on return either.
• caregiver tends to be unpredictable.

Question 9

What factors increase conformity?

Answer 9

Group size
Unanimity
Anonymity
Expertise/status
Culture
Tight/loose cultures
Gender

Question 10

What is the negative state relief hypothesis? What is the positive mood maintenance hypothesis?

Answer 10

• when they increase compliance cus doing sm for other people helps make u feel better
• to continue feeling good, you comply with requests

Question 11

Describe reason-based techniques (foot-in-door, door-in-face, that’s not all!). What is the idea of reciprocity?

Answer 11

Door in the face: start with very large Favour, then follow up with modest request
Foot in the door: start with modest request, follow up with large Favour
That’s not all: adding sm to an original offer - elicits norm of reciprocity.
Idea of reciprocity: you help those who help you, and vice versa.

Question 12

What is automatic mimicry? What is an example of how this might present in life?

Answer 12

• unconsciously imitating others’ behavior
  Eg yawning when other people yawn

Question 13

What is social identity theory? Realistic Group Conflict Theory?

Answer 13

• a person’s self concept and self esteem are derived from both personal identity and own accomplishments and status and accomplishments of groups they belong to.
• when intergroup hostility can arise due to competing for limited resources

Question 14

Do as others_____________ refers to compliance, do as others ___________ refers to obedience, and do as others ____________ refers to conformity.

Answer 14

• want
• command
• do

Question 15

In the Milgram study, what percentage of participants delivered near-fatal shocks? Which factors were thought to decrease compliance rates in follow-up studies?

Answer 15

66%
- proximity to victim and to authority
(Moving victim closer, and authority further)

Question 16

What is the difference between an exchange relationship and a communal relationship? What are features of each?

Answer 16

Exchange relationship: interactions are based on equity and reciprocity, input-output ratio should be the same
Communal relationships: interactions based on oneness
ER:
- tend to be short term
CR:
- tend to be long term.

Question 17

What factors predict relationship satisfaction? What are keys to a happy relationship?

Answer 17

• satisfaction - needs for intimacy
• quality of alternatives - no other high quality alternatives
• investment from both partners

Question 18

When does stereotype threat occur?

Answer 18

• it is the fear of confirming a stereotype that others have about a group to which they belong - happens when there is:
• increased arousal
• distraction
• when there is negative thinking

Question 19

Describe the roles of similarity and proximity in attraction.

Answer 19

• people tend to like people whoa re similar to themselves
• if people have complementary personality traits, might work well together (opposites attract, but not rly)
• because it validates our beliefs, facilitates smooth interaction, if you like you, they’ll like you, similar other have qualities we like
• proximity:
• more likely to interact with that person
• expectation of frequent interaction with a person motivates you to ensure mutual liking
• mere exposure effect

Question 20

Which strategy (or strategies) for resolving intergroup conflict are most likely to be successful? Why?

Answer 20

• by forcing groups to work together and depend on each other (superordinate goals)
• by introducing competition against outgroups often increases in group cohesion.
• intergroup competition led the in groups themselves to adopt group names, social norms, create a shared social identity.