Quiz 5 Flashcards
Difference between instrumental and hostile aggression
Hostile: motivated by anger, genuinely wanting to hurt the other person
Instrumental: motivated by sm else, like advancing a cause, attention, getting resources
Inclusive fitness
What are the implications?
- parenting behavior that allows offspring to survive long enough to pas on their genes to future generations.
What are the effects of religious/ethical primes on behaviour
- increases empathic concern - as most religions emphasize kindness.
- increased helping behavior when religiously/ethically primed.
Consequences of violent media/violent video games
- violent media = violent behaviour in the lab, esp if they identify with the perpetrator in some way, or the violence is toward someone evil
- however contradictory evidence: violent movie showings increased while violent crimes decreased that day.
- violent games = increased aggression+violent thoughts.
Limitations of lab studies in aggression
- the triggers (eg electric shocks) not realistic in portraying everyday triggers
- very short term measure of aggression
When in unethical behavior most likely to occur?
When someone is in a position of power
What is culture of honor?
- a person’s strong concern for their reputation, which may lead to a hypersensitivity to insults, even at perceived aggression.
Origin of culture of honor
Migration of frontier based cultures - no social structure, so had to assert themselves (the south of the US, ‘the wild west’)
Weak central authority
Scarcity of resources
Reactive devaluation
- a bias that attaches little to no value to an offer made by a counterpart in a feud.
Dehumanization
- attribution of non-human characteristics to members of an outgroup
- eg illegal aliens, monsters etc.
What effect does the presence of others have on performance
- if a task is easy, or someone is proficient in it, then performance is socially facilitated
- if a task is difficult, or someone is unskilled in it then performance is socially unfacilitated
Findings of Darley and Latane study - cubicle one
- when people were alone, 85% helped
- when there were 2 people conversing, 62% helped
- when there were 5 people, 31% helped
Findings of Darley and Latane study - smoke one
- when someone was alone, 75% reported the smoke
- when with 2 real pps, 38% leave to report the smoke
- when with 2 calm (confederates), only 10% leave to report the smoke
Groupthink
A style of thinking in which maintains group cohesiveness is more important than realitic, logical thinking.
What is notable about social and physical pain in the brain?
- social rejection activates the same brain regions as physical pain, leading to activation of a threat defense system, leading to aggression.
Define power
- the ability to control one’s own or someone else’s resources or outcomes
Define status
- the outcome of an evaluation of attributes that creates a difference in respect or prominence
What effect does a group have on people’s opinions
- Stronger opinions and decisions (group polarization) as new opinions tend to solidify your own opinions, and if a decision is classed as risky, you wanna seem riskier
- Groupthink
What factors will influence wether a bystander helps
- Identification with the person being helped
- Number of people present
- Being busy
- Ambiguous situations - more likely to help if someone VERY clearly needs help.
Findings of the ultimatum game
- most people cooperated for maximum gain by engaging in pro-social behavior, even though reason suggested that the responder would just accept anything as long as it was above 0$
How do rates of helping compare in urban and rural environments? Does where you grew up matter?
- rural areas have higher rates of helping compared to urban areas, as the CONTEXT is much more different
1. Less people around in rural areas
2. Most likely to know everyone, higher likelihood of identification with victim
So NO where you grew up doesn’t matter
Does personal distress always lead to prosocial behaviour?
- it can, as personal distress may lead to negative state relief - you help someone because you want to free yourself of those negative feelings
But Batson study showed that pps that were high in distress were less likely to take the student’s place when the student was being shocked.
What is empathic concern
- the emotional response to help someone when seeing them in need.
Kin selection
- tendency for natural selection to favor behaviour that increases chances of survival for genetic relatives, so people tend to help those who are closest to them genetically, then everyone else.
What qualifies as a group?
- individuals who are interdependent on each other for something or the other.
