Quiz 5

Question 1

Difference between instrumental and hostile aggression

Answer 1

Hostile: motivated by anger, genuinely wanting to hurt the other person
Instrumental: motivated by sm else, like advancing a cause, attention, getting resources

Question 2

Inclusive fitness
What are the implications?

Answer 2

• parenting behavior that allows offspring to survive long enough to pas on their genes to future generations.

Question 3

What are the effects of religious/ethical primes on behaviour

Answer 3

• increases empathic concern - as most religions emphasize kindness.
• increased helping behavior when religiously/ethically primed.

Question 4

Consequences of violent media/violent video games

Answer 4

• violent media = violent behaviour in the lab, esp if they identify with the perpetrator in some way, or the violence is toward someone evil
• however contradictory evidence: violent movie showings increased while violent crimes decreased that day.
• violent games = increased aggression+violent thoughts.

Question 5

Limitations of lab studies in aggression

Answer 5

• the triggers (eg electric shocks) not realistic in portraying everyday triggers
• very short term measure of aggression

Question 6

When in unethical behavior most likely to occur?

Answer 6

When someone is in a position of power

Question 7

What is culture of honor?

Answer 7

• a person’s strong concern for their reputation, which may lead to a hypersensitivity to insults, even at perceived aggression.

Question 8

Origin of culture of honor

Answer 8

Migration of frontier based cultures - no social structure, so had to assert themselves (the south of the US, ‘the wild west’)
Weak central authority
Scarcity of resources

Question 9

Reactive devaluation

Answer 9

• a bias that attaches little to no value to an offer made by a counterpart in a feud.

Question 10

Dehumanization

Answer 10

• attribution of non-human characteristics to members of an outgroup
• eg illegal aliens, monsters etc.

Question 11

What effect does the presence of others have on performance

Answer 11

• if a task is easy, or someone is proficient in it, then performance is socially facilitated
• if a task is difficult, or someone is unskilled in it then performance is socially unfacilitated

Question 12

Findings of Darley and Latane study - cubicle one

Answer 12

• when people were alone, 85% helped
• when there were 2 people conversing, 62% helped
• when there were 5 people, 31% helped

Question 13

Findings of Darley and Latane study - smoke one

Answer 13

• when someone was alone, 75% reported the smoke
• when with 2 real pps, 38% leave to report the smoke
• when with 2 calm (confederates), only 10% leave to report the smoke

Question 14

Groupthink

Answer 14

A style of thinking in which maintains group cohesiveness is more important than realitic, logical thinking.

Question 15

What is notable about social and physical pain in the brain?

Answer 15

• social rejection activates the same brain regions as physical pain, leading to activation of a threat defense system, leading to aggression.

Question 16

Define power

Answer 16

• the ability to control one’s own or someone else’s resources or outcomes

Question 17

Define status

Answer 17

• the outcome of an evaluation of attributes that creates a difference in respect or prominence

Question 18

What effect does a group have on people’s opinions

Answer 18

1. Stronger opinions and decisions (group polarization) as new opinions tend to solidify your own opinions, and if a decision is classed as risky, you wanna seem riskier
2. Groupthink

Question 19

What factors will influence wether a bystander helps

Answer 19

1. Identification with the person being helped
2. Number of people present
3. Being busy
4. Ambiguous situations - more likely to help if someone VERY clearly needs help.

Question 20

Findings of the ultimatum game

Answer 20

• most people cooperated for maximum gain by engaging in pro-social behavior, even though reason suggested that the responder would just accept anything as long as it was above 0$

Question 21

How do rates of helping compare in urban and rural environments? Does where you grew up matter?

Answer 21

• rural areas have higher rates of helping compared to urban areas, as the CONTEXT is much more different
  1. Less people around in rural areas
  2. Most likely to know everyone, higher likelihood of identification with victim
  So NO where you grew up doesn’t matter

Question 22

Does personal distress always lead to prosocial behaviour?

Answer 22

• it can, as personal distress may lead to negative state relief - you help someone because you want to free yourself of those negative feelings
  But Batson study showed that pps that were high in distress were less likely to take the student’s place when the student was being shocked.

Question 23

What is empathic concern

Answer 23

• the emotional response to help someone when seeing them in need.

Question 24

Kin selection

Answer 24

• tendency for natural selection to favor behaviour that increases chances of survival for genetic relatives, so people tend to help those who are closest to them genetically, then everyone else.

Question 25

What qualifies as a group?

Answer 25

• individuals who are interdependent on each other for something or the other.