Week 1. Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is are some definitions of Health?
- the state of complete mental, physical and social well being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
OR
- Health can also mean the dynamic state or condition of the human organism and is a result from the person’s interaction with and adaptations to their environment
What is wellness?
An approach that focuses on balancing the many aspects of a person’s life through enhancing conditions and behaviors rather than minimizing conditions of illness
What is the unit of measure that refers to “categorical”?
It means grouping into categories such as healthy or unhealthy or high blood pressure or low blood pressure
What is continuous measure of health?
The health status quantified over time such as high blood pressure over time. Also can be terminally ill vs average health vs. optimal health
What is disease prevention?
The process of reducing risks and alleviating disease to promote, preserve, and restore health to minimize stress. An example can be the COVID vaccine or mammogram.
What is health education?
The combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide groups or communities the opportunity to have information that will make them choose healthy decisions
What is health promotion?
Any combination of educational, political, etc, that help conditions of living in individuals, groups, and communities. ex: mask mandate
What is public health?
The art and science of protecting the health of communities through education and promotion of healthy lifestyles for disease and injury prevention
What is population health?
The health outcomes of a group of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes within the group. This can be done by breaking groups down by their race, age, geography
What is global health?
Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond the control of individual nations. An example, is COVID 19 where it had a strong effect at the global level or/also climate change.
What is the goal of disease prevention?
The main goal of disease prevention is to prevent people from getting a disease and becoming unhealthy. An example is using sunscreen prevention to prevent skin cancer.
What is the goal of health promotion?
The main goal of health promotion is to push people to become healthy. An example is encouraging them to take vitamins or exercise.
How do you calculate proportions?
of events/total population
How do you calculate prevalence?
sick/well + sick which shows much disease there is. Also a PROPORTION
What are rates?
The measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time
How do you calculate a rate?
of events/population time
What is population time?
person years or mid year population
What is mid year population?
pop. Jan 1 + pop. Dec 31/ 2
What is the crude rate?
Rate for a total population. A RATE.
How do you calculate a crude rate?
of events of interest/ estimated midyear population * 100,000
What is an adjusted rate?
Rate for a total population but is adjusted for a total population but is statistically adjusted for a specific characteristic such as age. Is a RATE
How do you calculate an age specific rate?
of events of interest within a specific age range/ estimated midyear population in that age range * 100,000
What is an incidence?
How fast are the new events of interest occurring and is a RATE
How do you calculate incidence rate?
per 1000 people= # of new event in pop during specific time/ # of person year at risk during spec. time * 1000
What is the epidemiologic transition theory?
It proposes the idea that changing economic, demographic, sociological, etc impact mortality and the role of these factors vary by health condition. It often explains the transition from the age of infectious diseases to the current period of chronic diseases
What is epidemiology?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or event in specified population and the application of this ton control health problems
What are big events?
How wars and other major events influence infectious disease epidemics or also affects the way people live and work impact mortality and morbidity
What are the levels of epidemiologic analysis?
Macro, meso, micro, and bio
What is the macro level(social structures)?
Systems of belief, values, and relationships that contribute to social order. They shape at the societal, institutional, and individual level. An example, is the patriarchy, capitalism, hierarchies
What is the meso level(social institutions)?
Customs, practices, relationships or behavioral pattern of importance in the life of the community or society. An example are schools, prison, or other established organization
What is the micro level(individuals)?
Focused on the individual or group experiences and interactions with social structures and their outcomes.
What is the bio (microbiological)?
hereditary traits and host characteristics as well as other wellbeing. An example is DNA.
What is are health disparities?
Health problems that arise due to obstacles, race, gender, religion, SES that have historically been excluded
What is healthy people 2030?
Defines a health disparity that is linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
What are conceptualization of health measures?
categorical and continuous
What is Health Promotion and Disease Prevention?
- The study of the determinants of health and disease AND
- The study and implementation of programs to promote health and disease prevention
