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Anatomy Block 3 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers does the scalp have?

A
  • 5

- the first three are bound together

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2
Q

Name the layers of the scalp

A
  • skin
  • connective tissue
  • aponeurosis
  • loose areolar connective tissue
  • pericranium
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3
Q

Skin of the scalp

A

-thick with hair and sebaceous glands

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4
Q

Connective tissue of the scalp

A
  • fibrous

- fatty connective tissue with septa that connect the skin to the aponeurosis

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5
Q

Aponeurosis of the scalp

A
  • epicranial

- thin, tendinous sheet that connects the bellies of the occipitofrontalis

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6
Q

Loose areolar connective tissue of the scalp

A

-located in the subaponeurotic space

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7
Q

Pericranium

A
  • the periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull bones
  • bone covering
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8
Q

Name the bellies of the occipitofrontalis

A
  • occipital belly

- frontal belly

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9
Q

Occipital belly

A

-originates from the nuchal line of the occipital bone and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis

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10
Q

Frontal belly

A

-originates from the skin and superficial fascia of the eyebrow area and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis

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11
Q

Action and innervation of the occipitofrontalis

A

Action: to move the scalp on the skull and raise the eyebrow
Innervation: facial nerve (CN 7)

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12
Q

Name the sensory nerves of the scalp

A
  • supratrochlear nerve
  • supraorbital nerve
  • zygomaticotemporal nerve
  • auriculotemporal nerve
  • lesser occipital nerve
  • greater occipital nerve
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13
Q

Where are the sensory nerves of the scalp located?

A

-superficial fascia

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14
Q

Supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve

A

-branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

Zygomaticotemporal nerve

A

-branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

auriculotemporal nerve

A

-branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerev

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17
Q

Lesser occipital nerve

A

-branch of the cervical plexus(C2)

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18
Q

greater occipital nerve

A

-a branch of the dorsal ramus of C2

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19
Q

Arterial supply of the scalp

A
  • supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries
  • superficial temporal artery
  • posterior auricular artery
  • occipital artery
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20
Q

Supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries

A
  • branches of the ophthalmic artery

- ascend over the forehead

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21
Q

superficial temporal artery

A
  • terminal branch of the external carotid artery

- ascend in front of the ear

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22
Q

Posterior auricular artery

A
  • a branch of the external carotid artery

- ascends behind the ear

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23
Q

Occipital artery

A
  • branch of the external carotid artery

- supplies the skin over the back of the skull

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24
Q

Supratrochlear and supraorbital veins

A

-unite at the medial margin of the orbit to form the facial vein

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25
Q

Superficial temporal vein

A

-unites with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein

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26
Q

posterior auricular vein

A

-unites with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein

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27
Q

Occipital vein

A

-drains into the suboccipital venous plexus, which drains into the vertebral veins(internal jugular veins)

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28
Q

Veins of the scalp…

A

freely anastomose with eachother

-are also connected to the diploic veins and the intracranial venous sinuses by emissary veins

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29
Q

submandibular lymph nodes

A

-lymph vessels in the anterior part of the scalp and forehead drain here

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30
Q

Superficial parotid (preauricular) nodes

A

-lymph drainage from the lateral part of the scalp above the ear drains here

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31
Q

Mastoid nodes

A

-lymph vessels in the part of the scalp above and behind the ear drain here

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32
Q

Occipital nodes

A

-vessels in the back of the scalp drain here

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33
Q

Why does the scalp have an abundant blood supply?

A

-to nourish the hair follicles

34
Q

Why is bleeding of the scalp hard to stop?

A
  • the arterial walls are attached to fibrous septa in the subcutaneous tissue
  • the walls are unable to contract or retract to allow blood clotting
35
Q

gaping wounds

A
  • there is tension of the epicranial aponeurosis from the occipitofrontalis muscles
  • when the aponeurosis is divided, it gapes open
36
Q

skin of the face

A
  • has sweat and sebaceous glands
  • is connected to the underlying bones by loose connective tissue
  • muscles are embedded in the connective tissue
37
Q

is there deep fascia in the face?

38
Q

Why wrinkles?

A
  • repeated folding of the skin perpendicular to the axis of underlying muscles
  • skin loses elasticity
39
Q

the skin of the face is innervated by the branches of the trigeminal nerve EXCEPT

A
  • except for a small area over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland.
  • that is innervated by the great auricle nerve(C2 and 3)
40
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • ophthalmic
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
41
Q

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

A

-supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, the side of the nose down to and including the tip

42
Q

name the branches of the ophthalmic division

A
  • lacrimal nerve
  • supraorbital nerve
  • supratrochlear nerve
  • infratrochlear nerve
  • external nasal nerve
43
Q

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

-supplies the skin on the posterior part of the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, lateral side of the orbital opening

44
Q

name the cutaneous branches of the maxillary division

A
  • infraorbital nerve
  • zygomaticofacial nerve
  • zygomaticotemporal nerve
45
Q

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

-supplies the skin of the lower lip, the lower part of the face, the temporal region, and part of the ear

46
Q

Name the cutaneous branches of the mandibular division

A
  • mental nerve
  • buccal nerve
  • auriculotemporal nerve
47
Q

What supplies the face with blood?

A

-facial and superficial temporal arteries

48
Q

facial artery

A
  • courses upward and over the submandibular salivary gland

- curves around the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the messeter muscle

49
Q

Where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery?

A

-where it crosses the mandible

50
Q

facial artery course

A
  • covered by platysma and risorious muscle

- goes from angle of the mouth to the medial angle of the eye

51
Q

at the medial angle of the eye…

A

the facial artery anastomoses with the branches of the ophthalmic artery

52
Q

Branches of the facial artery

A
  • submental artery
  • inferior labial artery
  • superior labial artery
  • lateral nasal artery
53
Q

superficial temporal artey

A
  • transverse facial artery

- a branch of the superficial artery

54
Q

What supplies blood to the forehead

A

-supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries(branches of the ophthalmic artery)

55
Q

where is the facial vein formed?

A

-at the medial angle of the eye by the union of the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

56
Q

how is the facial vein connected to the superior ophthalmic vein?

A

-directly through the supraorbital vein

57
Q

THE FACIAL VEIN AND THE CAVERNOUS SINUS

A
  • the facial vein is connected to the cavernous sinus by way of the superior ophthalmic vein
  • this provides a path for infections to spread
58
Q

facial vein

A
  • descends behind the facial artery to the lower margin of the mandible
  • crosses superficial to the submandibular salivary gland and is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein
59
Q

What does the facial vein drain into?

A

-drains into the internal jugular vein

60
Q

what joins the facial vein to the pterygoid venous plexus?

A

-deep facial vein

61
Q

What joins the facial vein to the cavernous sinus?

A

superior ophthalmic vein

62
Q

where does the transverse facial vein join the superficial temporal vein?

A

-in the parotid gland

63
Q

submandibular lymph nodes

A

-lymph from the forehead and the anterior part of the face drains here

64
Q

buccal lymph nodes

A

-among lymph vessels

65
Q

parotid lymph nodes

A

-lateral part of the face, including the lateral parts of the eyelid, drained by lymph vessels that terminate here

66
Q

submental lymph nodes

A

-the central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin drain here

67
Q

Muscles of the face

A
  • embedded in the superficial fascia
  • originate in bones and insert into the skin
  • innervated by facial nerve
  • surrounded by sphincters or dilators
68
Q

eyelid

A
  • sphincter: orbicularis oculi

- Dilator: levator palpebrae superioris and occiptiofrontalis

69
Q

Nose

A

Sphincter: compressor naris
Dilator: dilator naris

70
Q

mouth

A

Sphincter: orbicularis oris
Dilator: series of small muscles that radiate out from the lips

71
Q

muscles of lips and cheeks

A
  • sphincter: orbicularis oris
  • originate: from underlying bones or deep surface of the skin
  • innervation: buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve
  • action: compress lips together
72
Q

dilator muscles of the lips

A
  • radiate out from the lips
  • action: separate the lips
  • origin: bones and fascia around the mouth and converge as they insert into the lips
  • innervation: buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve
73
Q

Buccinator origin

A

from the outer surface of the alveolar margins of the mandible and the maxilla
-also from the pterygomandibular ligament

74
Q

Buccinator pierces the…

A

parotid duct

75
Q

buccinator innervation

A

buccal branch of the facial nerve

76
Q

buccinator muscle

A

compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth

77
Q

Facial nerve branches

A
  • temporal branch
  • zygomatic branch
  • buccal branch
  • mandibular branch
  • cervical branch
78
Q

Temporal branch

A

-supplies the anterior and superior auricular muscles, frontal belly of occipitofrontalis, orbiularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii

79
Q

zygomatic branch

A

supplies orbicularis oculi

80
Q

buccal branch

A

supplies buccinator, muscles of the upper lip and nostril

81
Q

mandibular branch

A

supplies muscles of the lower lip

82
Q

cervical branch

A

-supplies platysma

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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