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Anatomy Block 3 > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsum

A

-extends from root to apex, in midline of the nose

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2
Q

what are the inferior apertures of the nose?

A

-the nares(nostrils)

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3
Q

Each nostril is lined laterally by…

A

-ala of the nose

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4
Q

supporting framework of the nose is composed of…

A

bone and hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

what does the bony framework support and what bones does it consist of?

A
  • supports the upper part of the nose

- consists of nasal bones and frontal process of maxillae

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6
Q

what does the cartilaginous framework support and what does it consist of?

A
  • supports lower part of the nose

- consists of one septal and two major alar cartilages

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7
Q

what are cartilages connected to each other and bones by?

A

-fibrous tissue

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8
Q

septal cartilage forms what?

A

-anterior part of the nasal septum

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9
Q

how many lateral processes does the septal cartilage have>

A

2

-located below inferior border of the nasal bones

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10
Q

major alar cartilages

A
  • u shaped

- form lateral and medial borders of nostrils

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11
Q

what is another word for borders of the nostrils?

A

-crura

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12
Q

what is the chamber of the nasal cavity covered with?

A

-mucosa

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13
Q

what divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts

A

-nasal septum

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14
Q

how does the nasal cavity communicate with the pharynx?

A

-posterior nasal apertures(choanae)

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15
Q

vestible

A
  • area immediately above nares

- lined with skin and contains stiff hair

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16
Q

what are the functions of the nasal cavity?

A
  • olfaction
  • conditioning inspired air
  • secretions from paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal duct drain into it
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17
Q

what is superior to the nasal cavity

A

anterior cranial fossa

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18
Q

what separates the anterior cranial fossa and the nasal cavity?

A

the cribriform plate

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19
Q

what is lateral to the upper part of the nasal cavity?

A

-ethmoidal air cells and orbit

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20
Q

what is lateral to the lower part of the nasal cavity

A

-maxillary sinus

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21
Q

what is inferior to the nasal cavity>

A

-oral cavity

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22
Q

what separates the oral cavity and the nasal cavity?

A

-hard palate

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23
Q

what is posterior to the nasal cavity?

A

-nasopharynx

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24
Q

what forms the floor of the nasal cavity

A

-hard palate(palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones)

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25
Q

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

(from anterior to posterior)

  • nasal bone
  • nasal spine of frontal bone
  • cribriform plate of ethmoid
  • anterior and inferior aspects of body of sphenoid
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26
Q

what forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A

-perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

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27
Q

what makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A
  • maxilla
  • lacrimal bone
  • inferior nasal concha
  • ethmoidal labyrinth
  • perpendicular plate of palatine
  • medial pterygoid plate
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28
Q

what is the meatus?

A

-space between each concha and lateral wall

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29
Q

conchae

A
  • superior, middle, inferior

- 3 scroll-like bony projections

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30
Q

which conchae is part of the ethmoid bone and which is its own bone?

A
  • superior and middle are part of the ethmoid

- inferior is its own bone

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31
Q

sphenoethmoidal recess

A
  • part of nasal cavity located above and behind superior nasal conchae
  • receives opening of sphenoidal sinus
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32
Q

in the superior meatus, what opens up via small orifices in its lateral wall

A

-posterior ethmoidal air cells

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33
Q

ethmoidal bulla

A

-elevation in lateral wall of middle meatus caused by middle ethmoidal air cells

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34
Q

semilunar hiatus

A

-curved cleft anterior and inferior to ethmoidal bulla

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35
Q

where is the ostium of maxillary sinus located?

A

-lower part of semilunar hiatus

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36
Q

Infundibulum

A

curved channel that the superior end of semilunar hiatus leads into

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37
Q

what does the infundibulum receive?

A

-openings of anterior ethmoidal air cells

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38
Q

what is the options about the opening of the frontal sinus and the infundibulum?

A
  • some receive opening of frontal sinus
  • in others, the infundibulum has superior blind end, and frontal sinus opens directly into anterior part of middle meatus
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39
Q

what is located in the anterior part od the inferior meatus lateral wall?

A

-opening of nasolacrimal duct

40
Q

nasal mucosa lines the entire nasal cavity EXCEPT

A

vestibule

41
Q

nasal mucosa is firmly bound to…

A

periosteum and perichondrium of supporting structures

42
Q

nasal mucosa is continuous with the mucosal lining of…

A

nasopharynx, paranasal air sinuses, and nasolacrimal duct

43
Q

what are the types of mucosa?

A
  • olfactory

- respiratory

44
Q

olfactory mucosa

A
  • lines highest part of roof and adjacent parts of septum and lateral wall
  • contains olfactory receptor cells
45
Q

respiratory mucosa

A
  • lines rest of the nasal cavity
  • ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium
  • has goblet cells
46
Q

branches from what two nerves provide general sensory nerve supply to the nasal cavity?

A

-ophthalmic and maxillary nerves

47
Q

what is the anterior ethmoidal nerve a branch of?

A

-nasociliary nerve(from the ophthalmic nerve)

48
Q

the anterior ethmoidal nerve passes from the orbit to the anterior cranial fossa via…

A

-anterior ethmoidal foramen

49
Q

what does the anterior ethmoidal nerve run forward on?

A

cribriform plate

50
Q

the anterior ethmoidal nerve leaves the anterior cranial fossa and enters the nasal cavity via…

A

small slit at the side of the crista galli

51
Q

what does the internal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve supply?

A

-mucosa of anterior parts of septum and lateral wall

52
Q

what does the external branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve supply?

A

-skin of the lower part of nose

53
Q

what does the nasal branches of infraorbital nerve supply?

A

skin of vestibule

54
Q

what does the nasal branch of anterior superior alveolar nerve supply?

A

mucosa of anterior part of inferior meatus

55
Q

what does the posterolateral nasal branch supply?

A
  • originate from pterygopalatine ganglion or greater palatine nerve
  • supply mucose of posterior part of the lateral wall
56
Q

what does the nasopalatine nerve supply

A

posterior part of nasal septum

57
Q

What kind of neurons are olfactory receptor cells?

A

Bipolar neurons located in olfactory mucosal

58
Q

olfactory receptor cells are what kind of neurons? located where?

A

bipolar neurons located in olfactory mucosa

59
Q

peripheral process of olfactory receptor cells

A
  • dendrites

- reach mucosa surface and give rise to nonmotile cilia, which spread over mucosal surface

60
Q

central processess of olfactory receptor cells

A
  • axons
  • join to form olfactory nerves
  • pass through openings of cribriform plate
  • end in olfactory bulb
61
Q

what are the main arteries that supply the nasal cavity?

A

-sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal arteries

62
Q

sphenopalatine artery

A
  • terminal branch of maxillary artery

- supplies posterior parts pf lalteral wall and septum

63
Q

anterior ethmoidal artery

A
  • branch of ophthalmic artery

- supplies anterior parts of lateral walls and septum

64
Q

minor arterial sources for nasal cavity

A
  • posterior ethmoidal artery
  • superior labial artery
  • greater palatine artery
65
Q

Kiesselbach’s area

A
  • where the arteries all anastomose together

- common site for epistaxis (nose bleed)

66
Q

where is the vein plexus for the nasal cavity?

A

submucosa

67
Q

where does the venous drainage go?

A
  • pterygoid venous plexus(via sphenopalatine vein)

- facial vein and superior ophthalmic vein(via anterior and posterior ethmoidal veins)

68
Q

paranasal sinus

A

air spaces in frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones, lined by a mucous membrane continuous with that of nasal cavity

69
Q

how do sinuses develop?

A
  • as evaginations of nasal mucosa

- mucosa invades bones surrounding nasal cavity, with secondary bone resorption around invading mucosal sacs

70
Q

paranasal sinuses are __________ at birth

A

-rudimentary

71
Q

growing of the paranasal sinuses

A
  • there is a slow, continuous growth during childhood and a rapid growth during adolescence
  • sinuses are max size as adult
72
Q

functions of paranasal sinuses

A
  • resonating chambers for voice

- lighten skull bones (they are hollow)

73
Q

maxillary sinus

A
  • LARGEST paranasal sinus
  • lies in body of maxilla
  • base is directed medially
  • apex is directed laterally
74
Q

what is superior to the maxillary sinus

A

orbit and all its contents

75
Q

what is medial to the maxillary sinus

A

nasal cavity

76
Q

why is there poor drainage in the maxillary sinus?

A

-maxillary ostium is located high in the medial wall of the nasal cavity so the erect posture makes for bad draining

77
Q

what is inferior to the maxillary sinus?

A

-maxillary alveolar process and roots of maxillary teeth

78
Q

what roots are closer to the maxillary sinus, molar of incisor?

A

molar

79
Q

how does the maxillary sinus communicate with the middle nasal meatus?

A

by an opening located in lower part of semilunar hiatus

80
Q

nerve supply to the maxillary sinus

A

superior alveolar nerves (from V2)

81
Q

Blood supply to the maxillary sinus

A

superior alveolar arteries (branches of maxillary and infraorbital arteries)

82
Q

where are the frontal sinuses located?

A

-within frontal bone, behind superciliary arches

83
Q

where do the frontal sinuses extend?

A

superiorly into frontal squama and posteriorly into orbital plates

84
Q

where do frontal sinuses open to?

A

middle nasal meatus

85
Q

Nerve supply to frontal sinuses

A

supraorbital nerve (branch of frontal nerve from V1)

86
Q

blood supply to frontal sinuses

A

supraorbital artery (branch of ophthalmic artery

87
Q

ethmoidal air cells

A
  • thin walled spaces within ethmoidal labyrinths

- number of cells varies from 3-18

88
Q

anterior ethmoidal air cells

A

-open into infundibulum of middle nasal meatus

89
Q

middle ethmoidal air cells

A

-open on surface of ethmoidal bulla of middle nasal meatus

90
Q

posterior ethmoidal air cells

A

-open into superior nasal meatus

91
Q

nerve supply of ethmoidal air cells

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves (branches of nasociliary nerve, from V1)

92
Q

Blood supply for ethmoidal air cells

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (branches of ophthalmic artery)

93
Q

where are sphenoidal sinuses located?

A
  • posterior to upper part of nasal cavity, within body of sphenoid
  • superior to pituitary gland and optic chiasm
  • laterally to cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery
94
Q

where do sphenoidal sinuses open?

A

open into corresponding sphenoethmoidal recess

95
Q

nerve supply for sphenoidal sinuses

A
  • posterior ethmoidal nerve

- pharyngeal nerve

96
Q

blood supply for sphenoidal sinuses

A
  • posterior ethmoidal artery

- pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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