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Anatomy Block 3 > posterior triangle > Flashcards

posterior triangle Flashcards

1
Q

innervation to the back of scalp and back of neck

A

-dorsal rami of spinal nerves C2-C5

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2
Q

innervation of skin of anterior and lateral aspects of the neck

A

-ventral rami of C2-C4 via cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

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3
Q

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

A
  • lesser occipital nerve
  • greater auricular nerve
  • transverse cervical nerve
  • supraclavicular nerve
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4
Q

lesser occipital nerve

A
  • C2,C3

- supplies skin over lateral part of occipital region and upper part of medial surface of auricle

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5
Q

greater auricular nerve

A
  • C2,C3

- supplies to skin over angle of the mandible and parotid gland, and lower part of the auricle

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6
Q

transverse cervical nerve

A
  • C2,C3

- anterior and lateral aspects of the neck

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7
Q

Supraclavicular nerve

A
  • C3,C4
  • divides into medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclavicular nerves
  • supplies skin at base of neck and pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
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8
Q

Platysma

A

-thin muscle embedded in superficial fascia
Origin: deep fasica that covers pectoralis major and deltoid
Insertion: lower border of body of mandible and angle of mouth

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9
Q

Platysma nerve supply

A

-cervical branch of the facial nerve (CNVII)

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10
Q

Platysma action

A
  • tenses skin of neck
  • depress mandible
  • draws down lower lip
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11
Q

what makes the external jugular vein?

A

union of posterior auricular vein and posterior branch of retromandibular vein

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12
Q

posterior auricular vein

A

-drains scalp posterior and superior to auricle

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13
Q

retromandibular vein

A
  • union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins
  • divides into anterior and posterior branches
  • anterior branch joins facial nerve
  • posterior branch: makes external jugular vein
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14
Q

tributaries of external jugular vein

A
  • transverse cervical
  • suprascalpular
  • anterior jugular veins
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15
Q

Anterior jugular vein

A
  • union of several small veins
  • drains into external jugular vein
  • often joined by jugular venous arch
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16
Q

sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion

A

origin: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum and superior surface of medial third clavicle
insertion: mastoid process and lateral part of superior nuchal line

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17
Q

sternocleidomastoid nerve supply

A
  • accessory nerve(motor)

- branches fro ventral rami of C2 and C3 spinal nerves(sensory)

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18
Q

sternocleidomastoid divides what?

A

divides anterolateral part of neck into anterior and posterior triangles

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19
Q

sternocleidomastoid action

A

-unilateral contraction and bilateral contraction

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20
Q

deep cervical fascia

A

-consists of connective tissue that supports muscles, vessels, nerves, and viscera of the neck

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21
Q

name the layers of deep cervical fascia

A
  • investing layer
  • pretracheal
  • prevertebral
  • carotid sheath
  • retrophayngeal space
22
Q

investing layer

A
  • most superficially located
  • roof over anterior and posterior triangles
  • encircles neck like a collar
23
Q

pretracheal layer

A
  • located in anterior part of the neck

- muscular and visceral part

24
Q

muscular part of pretracheal layer

A

-encloses infrahyoid muscles

25
Q

visceral part of preracheal layer

A

-encloses thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, larynx, and pharynx

26
Q

prevertebral later

A
  • located in posterior part of the neck

- surrounds cervical vertebrae and anterior and posterior vertebral muscles

27
Q

carotid sheath

A
  • fascial tube extending from base of skull to the root of the neck
  • contains common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
28
Q

retropharyngeal space

A
  • interval between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia
  • filled with loose connective tissue
  • closed laterally by carotid sheath
  • allows mobility of pharynx and esophagus
  • extends from base of skull to mediastinum
29
Q

what is so special about the retropharyngeal space?

A

-it represents a pathway through which neck infections can spread to the mediastinum

30
Q

buccopharyngeal space

A

-pretracheal layer when it is posterior to the pharynx and esophagus

31
Q

boundaries of the posterior triangle

A

Anteriorly: posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posteriorly: anterior border of trapezius
Inferiorly: middle 1/3 of clavicle

32
Q

what covers the posterior triangle?

A

-skin, superficial fascia, platysma, and investing layer of deep cervical fascia

33
Q

What divides the posterior triangle?

A

-inferior belly of omohyoid divides posterior triangle into occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle

34
Q

scalenus anterior origin and insertion

A

origin: transverse process of C3 to C6 vertebrae
insertion: superior surface of 1st rib and scalene tubercle

35
Q

What is anterior to scalenus anterior?

A
  • subclavian vein
  • phrenic nerve
  • superficial(transverse) cervical artery
  • suprascalpular artery
  • terminal part of thoracic duct
36
Q

what is posterior to scalenus anterior?

A
  • brachial plexus

- subclavian artery

37
Q

scalenus medius

A

-largest and longest of scalene muscles
Origin: transverse process of C2 to C7 vertebrae
Insertion: superior surface of first rib, between costal tubercle and groove for subclavian artery

38
Q

Scalenus posterior

A
  • smallest of scalene muscles
  • Origin: transverse process of C4 to C6 vertebrae
  • Insertion: outer surface of 2nd rib
39
Q

nerve supply of scalene muscles

A

-direct musclar branches from ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

40
Q

Actions of scalene muscles

A
  • lateral flexion of neck

- accessory muscles for inspiration (elevate first and second ribs in forced inspiration)

41
Q

omohyoid bellies

A

-inferior and superior bellies connected by an intermediate tendon

42
Q

inferior belly of omohyoid

A
  • attaches to superior border of the scapula
  • passes anteriorly and superiorly across the lower part of the triangle
  • passes deep to sternocleidomastoid and ends in intermediate tendon
43
Q

superior belly of the omohyoid

A
  • begins at intermediate tendon
  • ascends vertically in anterior triangle of the neck
  • attaches to body of the hyoid
44
Q

omohyoid

A

-angulated course of muscle is maintained by loop of deep cervical fascia that surrounds intermediate tendon and attaches inferiorly to clavicle and first rib

45
Q

nerve supply to omohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis(ventral rami of C1 to C3)

46
Q

Action of omohyoid

A

depress hyoid bone

47
Q

arteries in the posterior triangle

A

subclavian artery(3rd part)

  • superficial(transverse) cervical artery
  • suprascapular artery
  • dorsal scapular artery
  • occipital artery
48
Q

veins in the posterior triangle

A
  • external jugular vein and its tributaries

- subclavian vein(occasionally)

49
Q

nerves in the posterior triangle

A
  • brachial plexus and branches arising from its roots and trunks
  • accessory nerve
  • branches of cervical plexus
50
Q

other contents in the posterior triangle

A
  • some cervical lymph nodes

- inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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