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Anatomy Block 3 > Brain, blood, cranial meninges > Flashcards

Brain, blood, cranial meninges Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
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2
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

A
  • thalamus

- hypothalamas

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3
Q

What are the general parts of the brain?

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon
  • telencephalon(cerebral hemispheres)
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4
Q

What are the parts of the medulla?

A
  • anterior median fissure
  • pyramids
  • olive
  • Pre-olivary sulcus
  • retro-olivary sulcus
  • medullopontine sulcus
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5
Q

Anterior median fissure

A
  • part of medulla

- continuous inferiorly with anterior median fissure of the spinal cord

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6
Q

Pyramids

A
  • part of medulla
  • two longitudinal columns
  • one on each side of the anterior median fissure
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7
Q

Olive

A
  • part of medulla

- oval elevation lateral to upper part of pyramid

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8
Q

Pre-olivary sulcus

A
  • located between olive and pyramid

- attachment of rootlets of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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9
Q

Retro-Olivary sulcus

A
  • Located posterior to olive
  • attachment of rootlets of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX), Vagas nerve(CNX)
  • the nerves are in line with accessory nerve on spinal cord
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10
Q

Medullopontine sulcus

A 
-divides medualla and pons
Nerves attach medial to lateral
-Abducens(CN VI)
-Facial Nerve(CN VII)
-Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
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11
Q

Pons

A
  • basilar artery lies in midline groove

- attachment of trigeminal nerve (CN V) on anterior surface

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12
Q

Midbrain

A
  • cerebral crura (white motor tracts): two columns of descending fibers
  • attachment of oculomotor nerve (CN III) to medial border of cerebral crura
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13
Q

4th ventricle

A

-cavity between cerebellum(posterior) and pons/upper medulla(anterior)

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14
Q

how would you view the posterior surface of the brain stem?

A

-remove cerebellum by cutting 3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

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15
Q

Rhomboid fossa

A
  • the only hole in an otherwise closed cranial system

- in 4th ventricle

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16
Q

what are the four elevations that mark the posterior surface of the midbrain?

A
  • 2 superior colliculi

- 2 inferior colliculi

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17
Q

superior colliculi

A
  • posterior surface elevations on midbrain

- visual system

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18
Q

Inferior colliculi

A
  • posterior surface elevations on midbrain

- auditory system

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19
Q

what is the only cranial nerve attached to posterior surface of the brain stem?

A
  • trochlear nerve (CN IV)

- emerges immediately below inferior colliculi

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20
Q

what separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • longitudinal fissure
  • separation is INCOMPLETE
  • at the bottom of the fissure, there are large bundles of fibers that connect the hemispheres
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21
Q

What keeps the right and left hemispheres connected?

A
  • large bundle of fibers located at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure
  • called Corpus Callosum
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22
Q

How many lobes does each hemisphere have and name them.

A
  • 5
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • insular
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23
Q

Central sulcus

A

-separates frontal and parietal lobes

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24
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

-separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

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25
Q

Where is the insular lobe?

A

-deep to lateral sulcus

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26
Q

What arteries supply the brain?

A
  • vertebral artery

- internal carotid artery

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27
Q

Vertebral artery

A
  • branch of 1st part of subclavian artery

- enters through foramen magnum

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28
Q

Basilar artery

A
  • right and left vertebral arteries join at medulloponitine sulcus to form this
  • runs along anterior midline of pons and then divides into right and left posterior cerebral arteries
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29
Q

Vertebral and basilar arteries supply what?

A
  • spinal cord
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • posterior parts of cerebral hemisphere
30
Q

Internal carotid artery

A
  • begins at bifurcation of common carotid artery at upper border of thyroid cartillage
  • divided into 4 parts(cervical, petrous, cavernous, cerebral)
31
Q

Cervical part of internal carotid artery

A

-from origin to base of the skull

32
Q

Petrous part of internal carotid artery

A

-within carotid canal in petrous parts of temporal bone

33
Q

Cavernous part of internal carotid artery

A

-within cavernous sinus

34
Q

Cerebral part of internal carotid artery

A
  • after it exits cavernous sinus, to its termination

- divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries at termination

35
Q

Internal carotid artery BRANCHES

A

4

  • ophthalmic artery
  • posterior communicating artey
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • middle cerebral artery
36
Q

Ophthalmic artery

A
  • branch of internal carotid artery

- enters orbit via optic canal with optic nerve

37
Q

posterior communicating artery

A

-connects internal carotid artery and posterior cerebral artery

38
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

-right and left anterior cerebral arteries are connected to each other by anterior communicating artery

39
Q

Cerebral arterial circle

A
  • circle of willis
  • formed by large cerebral arteries and their interconnections on ventral surface of brain
  • serves as a potential vascular shunt to help circulation if one of the proximal vessels is blocked
40
Q

Components of the circle of willis

A
  • anterior communicating arteries
  • anterior cerebral arteries
  • internal carotid artery
  • posterior communicating artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
41
Q

Contents of the cavernous sinus

A

-posterior communicating artery
-internal carotid artery
-From superior to inferior…
CN III,IV,VI, ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve

42
Q

Borders of the cavernous sinus

A
  • optic chiasm
  • sphenoidal sinus
  • hypophysis(pituitary gland)
43
Q

Layers of the dura mater of the brain

A

Periosteal/endosteal(outer layer)-covers the inner surface of skull bones
Meningeal(inner layer)-dura mater proper, faces brain

-closely united, except where they separate to form dural venous sinus

44
Q

Dural venous sinus

A

-venous blood channels lined by epithelium

45
Q

Dural septa

A
  • formed by meningeal layer
  • Flax Cerebri
  • sickle-shaped fold that lies in midline between right and left cerebral hemispheres
  • basically a pull down of dura
46
Q

Internal carotid artery BRANCHES

A

4

  • ophthalmic artery
  • posterior communicating artey
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • middle cerebral artery
47
Q

Ophthalmic artery

A
  • branch of internal carotid artery

- enters orbit via optic canal with optic nerve

48
Q

posterior communicating artery

A

-connects internal carotid artery and posterior cerebral artery

49
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

-right and left anterior cerebral arteries are connected to each other by anterior communicating artery

50
Q

Cerebral arterial circle

A
  • circle of willis
  • formed by large cerebral arteries and their interconnections on ventral surface of brain
  • serves as a potential vascular shunt to help circulation if one of the proximal vessels is blocked
51
Q

Components of the circle of willis

A
  • anterior communicating arteries
  • anterior cerebral arteries
  • internal carotid artery
  • posterior communicating artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
52
Q

Contents of the cavernous sinus

A

-posterior communicating artery
-internal carotid artery
-From superior to inferior…
CN III,IV,VI, ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve

53
Q

Borders of the cavernous sinus

A
  • optic chiasm
  • sphenoidal sinus
  • hypophysis(pituitary gland)
54
Q

Layers of the dura mater of the brain

A

Periosteal/endosteal(outer layer)-covers the inner surface of skull bones
Meningeal(inner layer)-dura mater proper, faces brain

-closely united, except where they separate to form dural venous sinus

55
Q

Dural venous sinus

A

-venous blood channels lined by epithelium

56
Q

Dural septa

A
  • formed by meningeal layer
  • Flax Cerebri
  • sickle-shaped fold that lies in midline between right and left cerebral hemispheres
  • basically a pull down of dura
57
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A
  • crescent-shaped fold that roofs over posterior cranial fossa
  • separates cerebellum from occipital lobes of cerebral hemisphere
58
Q

Flax cerebelli

A

-small sickle shaped fold in posterior cranial fossa that projects between right and left cerebral hemispheres

59
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

-small circular fold that forms roof of stella turcica(where pituitary stalk sits)

60
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A
  • located between inner and outer layers of dura mater
  • receive blood from brain as well as cerebrospinal fluid from subarachnoid space
  • blood collected by dural benous sinuses drains ultimately into internal jugular veins
61
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A
  • runs along upper border of flax cerebri
  • begins at foramen cecum
  • terminates in confluence of sinuses
62
Q

Inferior saggital sinus

A
  • runs along lower, free border of flax cerebri, joins great cerebral vein to form straight sinus
  • TAKES BLOOD TO CONFLUENCE OF SINUS
63
Q

Straight sinus

A
  • runs in midline, along junction of flax cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
  • terminates posteriorly in confluence of sinuses
  • TAKES BLOOD TO CONFLUENCE OF SINUS
64
Q

transverse sinus

A
  • takes blood from confluence of sinuses to temporal bone

- becomes continuous with sigmoid sinus

65
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A
  • direct continuation of transverse sinus

- terminates in jugular foramen and becomes continuous wih internal jugular vein

66
Q

occipital sinus

A
  • small sinus that runs along posterior border of falx cerebelli
  • ends superiorly in confluence of sinuses and inferiorly communicates with internal vertebral venous plexus
67
Q

cavernous sinus

A
  • in middle cranial fossa, one on each side of the sella turcica
  • drains contents of orbit, cerebral hemisphere, pituitary gland, and sphenoparietal sinus
  • internal carotid artery and abducens nerve are inside
  • drained posterioly by superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
68
Q

superior petrosal sinus

A
  • runs along superior border of petrous part of temporal bone
  • connects cavernous sinus with terminal part of transverse sinus
69
Q

Inferior petrosal sinus

A
  • runs along inferior border of petrous part of temporal bone
  • connects cavernous sinus with internal jugular vein
  • DIRECT ROUTE
70
Q

Sphenoparietal sinus

A
  • small sinus that runs along posterior borner of lesser wing of sphenoid
  • drains into cavernous sinus

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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