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Anatomy Block 3 > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

sutures

A

-several separate bones united at immobile joints

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2
Q

sutural ligament

A

-the connective tissue between bones in a suture

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3
Q

mandible

A

connected to the skull via the mobile temporomandibular joint

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4
Q

how are the bones of the skull divided?

A

into those of the cranium and those of the face

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5
Q

upper and lower part of the cranium

A

upper: the vault
lower: the base of the skull

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6
Q

composition of the bones of the skull

A
  • made up of external and internal tables of compact bone separated by a layer of spongy bone(diploe)
  • bones are covered on the outer and inner surfaces by periosteum
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7
Q

Diploe

A

a layer of spongy bone that separates the internal and external tables in the skull

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8
Q

internal table

A

-thinner and more brittle than the external table

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9
Q

Pterion

A
  • junction of greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal, and parietal bones
  • overlies course of anterior division of middle meningeal artery
  • weak and exposed, so when youre hit there you can tear artery and die
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10
Q

Lambda

A

-point on calvaria at junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

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11
Q

Bregma

A

-point on calvaria at junction of coronal and sagittal sutures

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12
Q

vertex

A
  • top most point of the skull
  • superior point of neurocranium
  • in middle with cranium oriented in anatomical plane
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13
Q

asterion

A

-star shaped
-located at junction of three sutures
parietomastoid
occipitomastoid
lambdoid

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14
Q

glabella

A
  • smooth prominence (most marked in males)
  • on frontal bones, superior to root of nose
  • most anterior projecting part of the forehead
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15
Q

inion

A

-most prominent point of external occipital protuberance

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16
Q

nasion

A

-point on cranium where frontonasal and internasal sutures meet

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17
Q

parietal foramen

A

veins run through it to get to the sinus

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18
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A
  • foramen cecum
  • cribriform foramina in cribiform plate
  • anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
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19
Q

Foramen cecum

A

nasal emissary vein

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20
Q

cribriform foramina in cribriform plate

A

axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves

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21
Q

anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

A

vessels and nerves with the same names

22
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A
  • optic canals
  • superior orbital fissure
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
  • foramen lacerum
  • groove/hiatus of greater petrosal nerve
23
Q

optic canal

A

optic nerve(CN 2) and ophthalmic arteries

24
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve , CN 3,4,6, sympathetic fibers

25
Q

foramen rotundum

A

maxillary nerve

26
Q

Foramen ovale

A

maxillary nerve and accessory meningeal artery

27
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of trigeminal nerve

28
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

-deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins

29
Q

Groove/hiatus of greater petrosal nerve

A

-greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery

30
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A
  • foramen magnum
  • jugular foramen
  • hypoglossal canal
  • condylar canal
  • mastoid foramen
31
Q

foramen magnum

A
  • medulla and meninges
  • vertebral arteries
  • CN 11
  • dural veins
  • anterior and posterior spinal arteries
32
Q

Jugular foramen

A
  • CN 4,5,6
  • superior bulb of internal jugular vein
  • inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses
  • meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries
33
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

-hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)

34
Q

condylar canal

A

-emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

35
Q

mastoid foramen

A

-mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery

36
Q

the type of fracture depends on what?

A
  1. age of the patient
  2. severity of the blow
  3. area of the skull receiving the trauma
37
Q

severe, localized blow

A

-local indentation, often accompanied by splintering of the bone

38
Q

blows to the vault

A
  • result in a series of linear fractures

- radiate out through the thin areas of the bone

39
Q

petrous parts of the temporal bones and occipital crests

A
  • strongly reinforce the base of the skull

- tend to deflect linear fractures

40
Q

pond fracture

A
  • common for children

- localized blow produces this, a depression without splintering

41
Q

fractures of the anterior cranial fossa

A
  • cribriform plate my be damaged
  • results in tearing of the overlying meninges
  • bleeding and leakage of CSF from the nose
  • when orbital plate is fractured, result is hemorrhage into the orbital cavity and exophthalmos
  • frontal sinus may be involved if hemorrhage into the nose
42
Q

Fractures of the middle cranial fossa

A
  • common because this is the weakest part of the skull
  • leakage of blood and CSF from external auditory meatus
  • may involve CN 7 and 8
  • if cavernous sinus is torn, CN 3,4,6 may be damaged
43
Q

Why is the middle cranial fossa so weak?

A
  • numerous foramina and canals in this region

- cavities of middle ear and sphenoidal sinus

44
Q

Fractures of the posterior cranial fossa

A
  • blood may escape into the nape of the neck into the postvertrbral muscles
  • days later, it can appear in posterior triangle, near mastoid process
  • mucous membrane of nasopharynx can be torn and blood can escape
45
Q

If jugular foramen is damaged, what CN are damaged?

A

CN 9,10,11

46
Q

Why is hypoglossal nerve usually spared when there is a fracture of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

-hypoglossal canal walls are strong

47
Q

why is there little displacement of bone fragments in facial fractures?

A

-the muscles of the face are thin and weak

48
Q

fractured mandible exception

A

-the strong muscles of mastication can cause considerable misplacement of the fractured bone

49
Q

most common facial fractures involve…

A
  1. nasal bones
  2. zygomatic bone
  3. mandible
50
Q

maxillofacial fractures

A
  • occur from massive trauma
  • swelling of the face, bone moves, malocclusion of teeth, leakage of CSF due to cribriform plate fracture
  • orbital wall damage=diplopia
  • damage to infraorbital nerve=numb cheek and gum
  • epistaxis
51
Q

Le fort labeling

A
  • sites of maxillofacial fractures
  • Type 1: across maxilba, under nose
  • Type 2: up, across nose, and down
  • Type 3: across orbital region

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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