temporal and infratemporal fossa Flashcards
Four boundaries of temporal fossa
Posterior and superior: temporal lines
Anterior: frontal and zygomatic bones
Lateral: ztgomatic arch
Inferior: infratemporal crest of the sphenoid
Contents of the temporal fossa
- temporalis muscle and fascia
- deep temporal vessels and nerves
- superficial temporal vessels
- auriculotemporal nerve
tempromandibular joint is a ______ joint
- synovial joint (modified hinge)
- freely movable
- has fluid for mobility
name the articular surfaces of the tempromandibular joint
- mandibular condyle
- mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone
what is an articular disk composed of?*
-fibrocartilage
what are the two compartments of the temporomandibular joint?
-superior and inferior compartments
superior compartment is responsible for…
-responsible for gliding movements of protrusion and retrusion
inferior compartment is responsible for…
-hinge movements of depression and elevation
articular disc attaches to what? two things*
peripherally attached to JOINT CAPSULE
-anteromedially attached to TENDON OF THE LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
what does the joint capsule attach to?
- superiorly to the articular tubercle and the margins of the mandibular fossa
- inferiorly to the neck of the mandible
synovial membrane
- lines the joint capsule above and below the articular disk, BUT DOES NOT COVER THE ARTICULAR DISC
- produces fluid that allows from mobility
name the three temporomandibular joint ligaments
- temporomandibular ligament
- stylomandibular ligament
- sphenomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament and the dentist
- it attaches to the lingua and anesthetic from dentist goes to nerve behind there
- goes to inferior alveolar nerve
name the four muscles for mastication
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
What are the muscles for mastication innervated by?
-branches of V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
origin and insertion** of temporalis
origin: inferior temporal line, temporal fossa, temporalis fascia
Insertion: coronoid process and anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible
innervation of temporalis*
-anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves
Actions of temporalis*
- elevation of mandible
- retrusion of mandible
- right and left lateral movements(grinding and chewing)
Origin and insertion of masseter
Origin: maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch
insertion: angle and lateral surface of the mandible
innervation of the masseter
-masseteric nerve
actions of the masseter
- elevation of the mandible
- right and left lateral movements
- PROTRUSION of the mandible
- retrusion of the mandible
Origin of superior head and inferior head of the lateral pterygoig muscle
Superior head: infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle****
- most fibers insert on pterygoid fovea on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible
- SOME FIBERS ON THE SUPERIOR HEAD INSERT ON THE JOINT CAPSULE AND ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
Innervation of lateral pterygoid muscle
lateral pterygoid nerves
Actions of lateral pterygoid muscle
- protrusion of mandible
- DEPRESS MANDIBLE
- right and left lateral movements
Origin of deep and superficial heads of medial pterygoid muscle
deep head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
superior head: luberosity of maxilla
Inersertion of medial pterygoid muscle
-medial surface and angle of mandible
Innervation of medial pterygoid muscle
-medial pterygoid nerve
actions of medial pterygoid muscle
- elevation of mandible
- protrusion of mandible
- right and left lateral movements
What causes jaw dislocation?
- excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids
- causes the head of mandible to dislocate anteriorly to the articular tubercles
Why is a posterior jaw dislocation less common?
- due to the presence of the postglenoid tubercle and the strong lateral ligament.
- more likely to fracture mandible than posterior dislocation
how does the infratermporal fossa communicate with the temporal fossa?
-through the space between the zygomatic arch and cranial wall
how does the infratemporal fossa communicate with the orbit?
-through the inferior orbital fissure
how does the infratemporal fossa communicate with the middle cranial fossa?
-through foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
how does the infratemporal fossa communicate with the pterygopalatine fossa?
through the ptergomaxillary fissure
contents of the infratemporal fossa
- lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
- V3
- otic ganglion
- chorda tympani
- maxillary artery and branches
- maxillary vein and branches
- pterygoid venous plexus
is V3 sensory or motor?
- both
- large sensory component
- smaller motor component
V3 exits the middle cranial fossa via what foramen?
-foramen ovale
where does V3 divide into anterior and posterior branches?
-in the infratemporal fossa
branches off the main trunk of V3
- nerve to medial pterygoid
- meningeal branch
what does the nerve to medial pterygoid supply?
- medial pterygoid
- tensor tympani
- tensor veli palatine
what foramen does the meningeal branch of V3 go through to get to the middle cranial fossa?
-foramen spinosum
what does the meningeal branch of V3 innervate?
-dura mater of middle cranial fossa
branches from the anterior division of V3
- nerve to masseter
- nerve to lateral pterygoid
- deep temporal nerves
- buccal nerve
nerve to masseter
- innervates masseter
- gives few sensory fibers to temporomandibular joint
nerve to lateral pterygoid innervates…
the pterygoid
how many deep temporal nerves are there?
- usually 2(anterior and posterior)
- can be a third (middle)
buccal nerve off v3****
- SENSORY
- INNERVATES SKIN AND MUCOSA OF THE CHEEK
branches of posterior division of V3
- auriculotemporal nerve
- inferior alveolar nerve
- nerve to mylohyoid
- lingual nerve
auriculotemporal nerve innervates…
- SENSORY
- auricle
- external auditory meatus
- tympanic membrane
- tempromandibular joint
- scalp
what artery does the auriculotemporal nerve encircle?****
-middle meningeal artery
what foramen does the inferior alveolar nerve go through?
-mandibular foramen
what kind of fibers does the inferior alveolar nerve have?
-motor and sensory
what forament does the inferior alveolar nerve exit the mandible?
-mental foramen
what does the inferior alveolar nerve change its name to when it exits the mandible?
-mental nerve
what does the inferior alveolar nerve innervate?
-mandibular teeth
mental nerve innervates…
-sensory innervation to the skin and mucosa of lower lip and chin
what branch does the inferior alveolar nerve give off before entering the mandibular foramen>
nerve to the mylohyoid
nerve to the mylohyoid
- MOTOR BRANCH of inferior alveolar nerve
- innervates mylohyoid and anterior bellly of digastric
lingual nerve innervation
-SENSORY innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue and mucosa of the floor of the mouth
what joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa?**
-chorda tympani
otic ganglion
- parasympathetic ganglion
- located inferior to the foramen ovale and medial to V3
what forms the tympanic plexus
- tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
- supplies mucosa of tympanic cavity
what supplies the PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC fibers to the optic ganglion?
- they leave tympanic plexus as the lesser petrosal nerve
- synapse in otic ganglion
where do POSTGANGLIONIC PARAYMPATHETIC fibers go when they leave otic ganglion? and what do they innervate?
-they join the auriculotemporal nerve to innervate parotid gland
what nerve does the chorda tympani originate from and where?
- originate from facial nerve in facial canal
- above stylomastoid foramen
where does the chorda tympani enter the tympanic cavity?
-across the medial side of the tympanic membrane(ear drum)
where does the chorda tympani exit the temporal bone?
- petrotympanic fissure
- opens into the infratemporal fossa
does the chorda tympani have motor or sensory fibers?*****
-sensory fibers for anterior 2/3 of the tongue
what supplies the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that synapse in submandibular ganglion?****
-chorda tympani
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from submandibular ganglion supply what?*****
-submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
what muscle divides the maxillary artery into its 3 parts?
lateral pterygoid muscle
name the 3 parts of the maxillary artery
- mandibular
- pterygoid
- pterygopalatine
where does the mandibular part of the maxillary artery lie?
-between neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament
the mandibular part of the maxillary artery is accompanied by what?*****
-auricultemporal nerve and maxillary vein
deep auricular artery
- branch of mandibular part
- supplies external auditory meatus and outer surface of tympanic membrane
anterior tympanic artery
- branch of mandibular part
- passes through petrotympanic fissure WITH CHORDA TYMPANI
- supplies mucosa of the tympanic cavity
middle meningeal artery
- branch of mandibular part
- passes between roots of AURICULOTEMPORAL nerve
- passes through foramen spinosum to enter middle cranial fossa
- supplies dura mater of the skull
Accessory meningeal artery
- branch of mandibular part
- passes through foramen ovale
- supplies trigeminal ganglion and dura mater
pterygoid part of the maxillary artery location
-passes anteriorly and superiorly in the infratemporal fossa
branches of pterygoid part
- branches all accompany branches of V3
- massenteric artery
- anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries
- pterygoid arteries
- buccal artery
massenteric artery supplies…
-masseter
anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries supply…
temporalis muscle
pterygoid artery supplies…
medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
buccal artery supplies
buccinator
- skin of cheeck
- mucosa of oral cavity
pterygoid venous plexus
-complete network of veins located partly between the temporalis and the pterygoid muscles
what drains into the pterygoid venous plexus?
most of the veins that accompany branches of the maxillary artery
how does the pterygoid venous plexus communicate with the cavernous sinus?*****
by small veins passing through the foramen ovale, foramen lacerum, and sometimes a sphenoidal emissary foramen
what does the pterygoid venous plexus communicate with?**
- cavernous sinus
- inferior ophthalmic vein
- facial vein(via deep facial vein)
