Oral cavity Flashcards
what is included in the oral region?
- oral cavity
- teeth
- gingiva
- tongue
- palate
- palatine tonsils
what are the two general parts of the oral cavity?
- oral vestibule
- oral cavity proper
oral vestibule
-the space between the lips, cheeks and teeth and gum
oral cavity proper
-between the upper and lower dental arches (maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes and the teeth they hold)
what forms the roof of the oral cavity?
-the palate
what does the oral cavity communicate with posteriorly?
oropharynx
what drains into the the submental lymph?
-just bottom lips
what drains into the submandibular lymph?
all other parts of the lips besides the lower center lips
what does the palate form?
-the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity
what are the two parts of the palate?
- hard palate in front
- soft palate behins
what forms the hard palate?
the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones
what is special about the mucosa of the hard palate?
-it is tightly adherent to the underlying bone
what is the soft palate?
-mobile fold attached to the posterior border of the hard palate
uvula
-projection on the posterior midline of the soft palate
what is the soft palate continuous with>
- the hard palate anteriorly
- the lateral wall of the pharynx at the sides
what is the soft palate composed of?
- mucous membrane
- palatine aponeurosis
- muscles
what is the palatine aponeurosis?
- fibrous sheet attached to the posterior border of the hard palate
- it is the expanded tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle
what are the muscles of the soft palate?
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini
- palatoglossus
- palatopharyngeus
- musculus uvulae
tensor veli palatini action
-tenses the palate and opens pharyngotympanic tube opening during swallowing and yawning
tensor veli palatini innervation
-CN V (trigeminal)
Levator veli palatini action
-elevates the palate during swallowing and yawning
Levator veli palatini innervation
-CN X (vagas)
Palatoglossus action
-elevates posterior part of tongue and draws the soft palate onto tongue
palatoglossus innervation
CN X (vagas)
Palatopharyngeus action
-tenses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
palatopharyngeus innervation
CN X (vagas)
musculus uvulae action and innervation
- shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly
- CN X (vagas)
where does the soft palate primarily get its blood supply?
descending palatine arteries
what is the descending palatine artery branch from?
-facial artery
what are the nerves that supply the soft palate branches of?
V2
-maxillary division of trigeminal
what foramen does the nasopalatine nerve ass through?
-incisive foramen
what does the greater palatine nerve pass through?
-greater palatine foramen
what does the lesser palatine nerve pass through?
-lesser palatine foramen
what are the major salivary glands?
- parotid
- submandibular
- sublingual
the mucous membrane if the tongue is reflected…
from the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
how is the tongue connected to the floor of the mouth??
-by the frenulum, a vertical fold of tissue
what is the tongue composed of?
-striated muscle covered with mucous membrane
what do the muscles of the tongue connect to above?
-styloid process and the soft process
what do the muscles of the tongue connect to below?
-mandible and hyoid bone
what divides the tongue into right and left halves?
-median fibrous septum
what divides the mucous membrane of the upper surface of the tongue into anterior and posterior parts?
-sulcus terminalis
what is the apex of the sulcus terminalis marked by?*****
-the foramen cecum
what is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue called?
oral part of the tongue
what is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue called?
pharyngeal part of the tongue
what are the two types of muscles in the tongue?
intrinsic and extrinsic
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
-confined to the tongue, not attached to the bone
extrinsic muscles of the tongue
-attached to bones and soft palate
what muscles are considered extrinsic muscles?
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
all tongue muscles are innervated by CN XII, except which one?
-palatoglossus
palatoglossus innervation
-pharyngeal branch of CN X
what muscle does protrusion movement of the tongue?**
-genioglossus
what muscles do retraction of the tongue?
-styloglossus and hyoglossus
what muscles do depression of the tongue?
hyoglossus
what muscles do retraction and elevation of the posterior 1/3 part of the tongue?
styoglossus and platoglossus muscles
what makes the tongue change shapes?
-intrinsic muscles
what artery supplies the tongue?
-lingual artery
what vein does the tongue drain into?
internal jugular vein
where does the tip of the tongue lymph drain?
-submental nodes
where does the sides of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue lymph drain?
-submandibular and deep cervical nodes
where does the posterior 1/3 lymph drain?
deep cervical nodes
innervation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue
- lingual nerve (branch of CN V)-general
- chorda tympani(branch of CN VII)-taste
innervation of posterior 1/3 of the tongue
-CN IX -general and taste
