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Neuro > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroscience definition

A

The study of the brain and nervous system

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2
Q

Cellular neuroscience

A

considers distinctions among different types of cells in the nervous system and how each cell type functions

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3
Q

Molecular neuroscience

A

investigates the chemistry and physics involved in neural function

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4
Q

Systems neuroscience

A

investigates groups of neurons that perform a common function (motor, visual system)

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5
Q

Behavioral neuroscience

A

examines the interaction among systems that influence behavior

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6
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

covers the fields of thinking, learning, and memory.

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7
Q

Central Nervous System

A

cerebral region
brainstem and cerebellar region
spinal cord

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8
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

all nervous system structures NOT encased in bone
spinal nerves
cranial nerves

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9
Q

Sagittal plane

A

right and left portions

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10
Q

Horizontal or Axial plane

A

above or below portions

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11
Q

Coronal plane

A

anterior and posterior portions

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12
Q

Gyrus (gyri)

A

ridges

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13
Q

Sulcus (sulci)

A

grooves or fissure if deep

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14
Q

Central sulcus

A

one of the most important landmarks in the cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

somatic motor cortex

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16
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

somatic sensory cortex

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17
Q

Frontal Lobe Gyri

A

superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus

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18
Q

Frontal Lobe Sulci

A

superior frontal sulcus

inferior frontal sulcus

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19
Q

Temporal Lobe Gyri

A

superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal gyrus

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20
Q

Temporal Lobe Sulci

A

superior temporal sulcus

inferior temporal sulcus

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21
Q

Parietal Lobe Gyri

A

superior parietal lobe

inferior parietal lobe

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22
Q

Parietal Lobe Sulcus

A

intra-parietal sulcus

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23
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

separates brain into 2 hemisphere

24
Q

Components of a neuron:

A

cell body (soma)
dendrites
axon
pre-synaptic terminals

25
Q

Gray matter

A

areas of the CNS that primarily contain neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

26
Q

White matter

A

composed of axons, projections of neurons

27
Q

Surface of the brain is called

A

cortex

28
Q

Nucleus

A

groups of the cell bodies in the CNS

29
Q

Ganglion (ganglia)

A

groups of cell bodies in the PNS

30
Q

Tract, lemniscus, column, peduncle

A

bundle of myelinated axons that travel together in CNS

31
Q

Afferent axons

A

carry information toward CNS

transmits sensory information to CNS

32
Q

Efferent axons

A

carry information away from CNS

carry motor commands from CNS to skeletal muscles

33
Q

2 main functions of spinal cord:

A
  1. convey information between neurons innervating peripheral structures and the brain
  2. to process information within the cord (reflex)
34
Q

Parts of Brainstem

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
35
Q

Midbrain

A

superior section of brainstem

two cranial nerves arise from brainstem

36
Q

Pon

A

Four cranial nerves attach

middle section

37
Q

Medulla

A

inferior section of the brainstem and continuous with spinal cord
four cranial nerves

38
Q

Sensory cranial nerves

A

olfactory (I), optic (II), vestibulocohlear (VIII)

39
Q

Motor cranial nerves

A

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), accessory (XI), hypoglossal (XII)

40
Q

Mixed cranial nerves

A

trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX). vagus (X)

41
Q

Cerebellum

A 
function is to coordinate movement
consists of two large cerebellar hemispheres and a midline vermis
42
Q

Cerebrum consisits of:

A

diencephalon

cerebral hemispheres

43
Q

Diencephalon consists of

A
  1. thalamus
    2 hypthalamus
  2. epithalamus
  3. subthalamus
44
Q

Thalamus

A

large, egg-shaped collection of nuclei in the center of the cerebrum

  • relay information to the cerebral cortex
  • process emotional and some memory info, regulate consciousness, arousal and attention
45
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintains body temperature, metabolic rate, and chemical composition of tissues and fluids.

46
Q

Epithalamus

A

Pineal gland influences the secretion of other endocrine glands.

47
Q

Subthalamus

A

Part of a neural circuit controls movement

48
Q

Lobes of the cerebral hemispheres:

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. temporal
  4. occipital
  5. limbic
  6. insular
49
Q

Cerebrum (cerebral cortex)

A
  • Processes sensory, motor, and memory information.

- Is the site for reasoning, language, nonverbal communication, intelligence, and personality.

50
Q

Limbic lobe/system

A

involved in emotions and the processing of some types of memory

51
Q

Insular

A

beneath the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes; responsible for visceral, autonomic and taste functions

52
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Basal ganglia nuclei in the cerebral hemispheres are the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus.

53
Q

Caudate and putamen together are called

A

Corpus striatum

54
Q

Putamen and globus pallidus together are called

A

lenticular nucleus

55
Q

Incidence

A

proportion of a population that develops a new case of the disorder within a defined period

56
Q

Prevalence

A

current proportion of the population with the disorder (old and new cases)


Neuro (23 decks)

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