Comp Exam Flashcards
What does the lateral fissure separate?
temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe
What does longitudinal fissure separate?
into two hemisphere
What does the central sulcus separate?
the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
What are the lobes?
frontal parietal temporal occipital insular limbic
Parts of the frontal lobe:
precentral gyrus
prefrontal cortex
Broca’s area
Precentral gyrus:
primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation
Prefrontal cortex:
controls emotions and judgments
Broca’s area:
controls motor aspects of speech
Parts of parietal lobe:
postcentral gyrus
receives fibers conveying touch, proprioception, pain and temp. sensations from opposite side of body
Postcentral gyrus:
primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation
Parts of temporal lobe:
primary auditory cortex
associative auditory cortex
Wenicke’s area
Primary auditory cortex:
receives/processes auditory stimuli
Associative auditory cortex:
processes auditory stimuli
Wernicke’s area:
language comprehension
Parts of occipital lobe:
primary visual cortex
visual association cortex
Primary visual cortex:
receives/processes visual stimuli
Visual association cortex:
processes visual stimuli
What is the insula associated with and where is it locakted?
visceral functions
located in lateral sulcus
What is the limbic system concerned with?
instincts and emotions contributing to preservation of individual
Basic functions the limbic system is concerned with?
feeding, aggression, emotions and endocrine aspects of sexual response.
Where is white matter located?
myelinated nerve fibers located centrally
Transverse (commussural fibers)
interconnect 2 hemisphere
Projection fibers
connect cerebral hemispheres w/other portions of brain and spinal cord
Association fibers:
connect different portions of cerebral hemispheres, allowing cortex to function as an integrated whole
What is included in the basal ganglia?
striatum
globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra
Anterior horn:
efferent (motor) neurons
Posterior horn:
afferent (sensory) neurons
Dorsal column (DCML)
convey proprioception, vibration, and tactile discriminatino
Spinothalamic tract:
sensations of pain and temperature (lateral spinothalamic)
and crude touch (anterior spinothalamic)
Spinocerebellar tract:
proprioception from muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs and touch and pressure receptors for control of voluntary movement
Spinoreticular tracts;
deep and chronic pain to reticular formation
Ascending tracts:
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar
Spinoreticular
Descending tracts:
corticospinal tracts vestibulospinal tracts rubrospinal tracts reticulospinal tract tectospinal tract
Corticospinal tract:
arise from primary motor corect
Vestibulospinal tract:
arise from vestibular nucleus
control of muscle tone, antigravity muscles and postural reflexes
Rubrospinal tract:
assist in motor function
Reticulospinal system:
modifies transmission of sensationm especially pain
Tectospinal tract:
assists in head turning and responses to visual stimuli
Autonomic nervous system:
involuntary structures:
smooth muscle, heart, glands
maintains homeostatsis
Divisions of ANS:
sympathetic
parasympathetic
Sympathetic:
fight or flight
arises T1-L2
Parasympathetic:
craniosacral, CN III, VII, IX, X, pelvic nerves
rest and digest
Autonomic plexuses:
cardiac, pulmonary, celiac, hypogastric, pelvic
Circle of Willis:
anterior communicating artery
two anterior cerebral arteries
posterior communicating artery
connecting each posterior and middle cerebral artery
Alpha nerve fibers:
proprioception, somatic motor
Beta nerve fibers:
touch, pressure
Gamma nerve fibers:
motor to muscle spindles
Delta nerve fibers:
pain, temperature, touch
B fibers:
small, myelinated, conduct less rapidly
C fibers:
smallest, unmyelinated, slowest conducting
