Chapter 14 Part 2 Flashcards
Ptosis
drooping of the eyelid
Diplopia
double vision
Lesion of oculumotor nerve
Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid)
Ipsilateral eye looks outward and down
Diplopia (double vision)
Deficits in moving the ipsilateral eye medially, downward, and upward
Loss of pupillary reflex and consensual response to light
Loss of constriction of the pupil in response to focusing on a near object (accommodation)
Lesion of trochlear nerve:
prevents activation of the superior oblique muscle;
Symptoms of lesion of trochlear nerve:
Symptoms include double vision, difficulty reading, and visual problems when descending stair
Lesion of abducens nerve:
cause the eye to look inward; paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle leaves the pull of the medial rectus muscle unopposed
Patient presentation of abducens nerve:
unable to voluntarily abduct the eye and have double vision
What cranial nerves are involved in autonomic function?
III, VII, IX,X
What does complete severance of any branch of the trigeminal nerve result in?
in anesthesia of the area supplied by the ophthalmic, maxillary, or mandibular branch
If ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve is affected:
afferent limb of the blink reflex will be interrupted, preventing blinking in response to touch stimulation of the cornea
If mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve is affected:
the jaw will deviate toward the involved side when the mouth is opened; the masseter reflex will be lost
Lesion of facial nerve:
paralysis or paresis of the ipsilateral muscles of facial expression: one side of the face to droop, unable to completely close the ipsilateral eye
Conductive deafness:
occurs when transmission of vibrations is prevented in the outer or middle ear
Causes of conductive deafness:
include excessive wax in the outer ear canal or inflammation in middle ear (otitis media)
Sensorineural deafness:
due to damage of the receptor cells or the cochlear nerve and is less common than conductive deafness
Causes of sensorineural deafness:
acoustic trauma, ototoxic drugs, Ménière’s disease, and acoustic neuroma.
Lesion of glossopharyngeal nerve:
interrupts the afferent limb of both the gag reflex and the swallowing reflex.
Salivation is also decreased
Lesion of vagus nerve:
results in difficulty speaking and swallowing, poor digestion, asymmetrical elevation of the palate, and hoarseness
Complete lesion of accessory nerve:
paralyzes the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Complete lesion of hypoglossal nerve:
causes atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue
Dyphagia:
difficulty with swallowing
Dysarthria
poor control of the speech muscles
