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Neuro > Chapter 14 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of nerves are cranial nerves?

A

sensory, motor, and autonomic functions

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2
Q

How do cranial nerves differ from other nerves?

A

Some are only motor, others are only sensory, and some are both sensory and motor - mixed

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3
Q

What are the functions of cranial nerves?

A
  1. Transmit somatosensory information
  2. Transmit special sensory information
  3. Supply motor innervation
  4. Provide parasympathetic regulation
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4
Q

From where do cranial nerves transmit somatosensory information?

A

from the skin and muscles of the face and from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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5
Q

From where do cranial nerves transmit special sensory information?

A

related to visual, auditory, vestibular, gustatory, olfactory, and visceral sensations

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6
Q

From where do cranial nerves supply motor innervation?

A

to the muscles of the face, eyes, tongue, jaw, and two neck muscles

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7
Q

From where do cranial nerves provide parasympathetic regulation?

A

of pupil size, curvature of the lens of the eye, HR, BP, breathing, and digestion

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

olfactory
sensory
smell

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic nerve
sensory
vision

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor nerve
motor
eye movements

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear nerve
motor
eye movements

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal nerve
sensory and motor
somatic sensation from face, mouth; muscles of mastication

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13
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens
Motor
eye movements

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14
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial
sensory and motor
muscles of facial expression, lacrimal and salivary glands, taste

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15
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

vestibulocochlear
sensory
hearing, balance

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16
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

glossopharyngeal
sensory and motor
posterior tongue
carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

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17
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus
sensory and motor
autonomic functions of the gut

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18
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Spinal accessory
motor
shoulder and neck muscles

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19
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

motor

movements of tongue

20
Q

Where does the olfactory transmit information?

A

nasal chemoreceptors to olfactory bulb

21
Q

Where does the optic nerve transmit visual information from the retina?

A

to lateral geniculate body of thalamus

to nuclei in midbrain

22
Q

What are the four straight muscles of the eye?

A

lateral, medial, superior and inferior rectus

23
Q

What are the two oblique muscles of the eye?

A

superior and inferior

24
Q

Muscles oculomotor controls:

A

superior,medial and inferior rectus

inferior oblique

25
Q

Muscles trochlear controls:

A

superior oblique

26
Q

Muscles abducens controls:

A

lateral rectus

27
Q

How is coordination between the two eyes maintained?

A

synergistic action

28
Q

Head and eye movement coordination is controlled by signals where?

A

medial longitudinal lemniscus of brainstem

29
Q

What do parasympathetic neurons in CN III do?

A

elicit reflexive constriction of the pupil and contraction of the muscles controlling the lens of the eye

30
Q

What is accommodation?

A

When viewing objects closer than 20 cm, the ciliary muscle contracts, which increases the curvature of the lens

31
Q

What is pupillary reflex?

A

the constriction of the pupil in the eye directly stimulated by the bright light

32
Q

What is consensual reflex?

A

the constriction of the pupil in the other eye

33
Q

How are pupillary and consensual reflexes elicited?

A

the same stimulus (e.g., shining a bright light into one eye).

34
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in pupillary and consensual reflexes?

A

CN II and CN III

35
Q

What happens during the accommodation reflex

A

The pupils constrict.
The eyes converge.
The lens becomes more convex

36
Q

Three branches of trigeminal nerve:

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

37
Q

Ophthalmic:

A

sensory information

38
Q

Maxillary

A

sensory information

39
Q

Mandibular:

A

sensory and motor information

40
Q

Trigeminal nerve reflexes:

A

afferent and efferent limb of masseter reflex

afferent limb of corneal (blink) reflex

41
Q

Where are signals processed for cranial nerve VII:

A

processed in the nuclei located in the pons, medulla, and upper spinal cord

42
Q

Two branches of cranial nerve VIII:

A

vestibular

cochlear

43
Q

Vestibular branch

A

transmits information related to head position and head movement

44
Q

Cochlear

A

transmits information related to hearing

45
Q

Where are the receptors located for cranial nerve VIII?

A

labyrinth of the inner ear that consists of the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea

46
Q

What structures is auditory information transmitted to?

A

medial geniculate body
inferior colliculus
reticular formation

Neuro (23 decks)

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