Week 1 Flashcards
Define Anatomy vs physiology
Anatomy: STRUCTURE
scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure
Physiology: FUNCTION
scientific investigation of the processes or functions of other living things
Different levels of structural and functional organization
Chemical level: interaction of atoms
Cell level: structural and functional unit of living organisms
Tissue level: group of similar cells and materials surrounding them
Organ level: two or more tissues functioning together
Organ system: group of organs functioning together
Organism level: any living thing
What are anatomical position, supine and prone positions
Anatomical: body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forwards
Supine: lying face up, palms up
Prone: lying face down, palms down
*palm direction for prone and supine the same as anatomical
Name directional terms
Superior(Cephalic)/Inferior(Caudal)
- toward head, towards the tail
Anterior(ventral)/Posterior(dorsal)
- towards front or back
Medial/Lateral
- relative to midline
Proximal/Distal
- describes linear structures (fingers, arms, legs)
Superficial/Deep
- relative to surface of the body
Name general body parts and regions
head
neck
trunk (thorax, abdomen, pelvis)
upper limb (shoulder to fingers)
manual (hand)
lower limb (hip to toes)
pedal (foot)
Name regions of the head
FRONT
Frontal (forehead)
Orbital (eye)
Otic (ear)
Nasal (nose)
Buccal (cheek)
Oral (mouth)
Mental (chin)
BACK
Cranial (skull)
Occipital (base of skull)
Nuchal (back of neck)
Name regions of the neck
cervical
clavicular (collarbone)
Name regions and subregions of the trunk
FRONT
Thoracic (thorax)
- pectoral (chest)
- sternal (breastbone)
- mammary (breast)
Abdomen
- abdominal (abdomen)
- umbilical (naval)
Pelvis
- pelvic (pelvis)
- inguinal (groin)
- pubic (genital)
BACK
Dorsal (back)
- scapular (shoulder blade)
- vertebral (spinal column)
- lumbar (loin)
- sacral (between hips)
- gluteal (buttock)
- perineal (perineum)
Name regions of the upper limb and manual
Upper Limb
FRONT
- axillary (armpit)
- brachial (arm)
- antecubital (front of elbow)
- antebrachial (forearm)
BACK
- acromial (point of shoulder)
- olecranon (point of elbow)
Manual
FRONT
- carpal (wrist)
- palmar (palm)
- digital (fingers)
BACK
- dorsum (back of hand)
what defines the arm and leg anatomically?
arm: shoulder to elbow
leg: knee to foot
Name regions of the lower limb and pedal
Lower Limb
FRONT
- coxal (hip)
- femoral (thigh, hip to knee)
- patellar (knee cap)
- crural (leg)
BACK
- popliteal (hollow behind knee)
- sural (calf)
Pedal
FRONT
- talus (ankle)
- dorsum (top of foot)
- digital (toes)
BACK
- plantar (sole)
- calcaneal (heel)
name the 4 body planes
Sagittal
- vertical through body. L and R
Frontal (Coronal)
- anterior/posterior
Transverse (Cross)
- superior/inferior
Oblique
- any plane not at a right angle
name planes through an organ
Longitudinal
- cut along the length of an organ
Cross/Transverse
- cut at a right angle to length of the organ
Oblique
- cut at any but a right angle
Name the body cavities and their regions
Dorsal body cavity
- cranial cavity
- vertebral canal
basically the central nervous system
Ventral body cavity (top to bottom)
- Thoracic cavity
- Mediastinum (contains all structures of
thoracic cavity except lungs)
diaphragm divides body into thoracic and abdominopelic cavities
- Abdominal cavity
- stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas,
kidneys
- Pelvic cavity
- urinary bladder, part of large intestine,
reproductive organs
What are the names of the membranes that covers organs and lines the trunk cavities?
SEROUS MEMBRANES
think balloon analogy
- inner ballon wall: VISCERAL serous membrane
- outer balloon wall: PARIETAL serous membrane
- inner lubricating fluid called SEROUS FLUID
