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Anatomy > Spinal Cord (I) > Flashcards

Spinal Cord (I) Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral foramen

A

Hole in vertebra. multiple stacked creates VERTEBRAL CANAL

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2
Q

name regions of the spine superior to inferior

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral and coccygeal

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3
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

openings between vertebrae where spinal nerves exit the spinal canal

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4
Q

why is spinal cord longer than vertebral column?

A
  • difference in growth speed during development (spinal cord continues to develop into adulthood)
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5
Q

purpose of spinal cord

A
  • communication link between brain and PNS (below head)
  • integrate info and produce responses
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6
Q

start and end of spinal cord

A

extends from foramen magnum to L2 (@ about most inferior rib)

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7
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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8
Q

What are the 2 spinal cord enlargements and why do they occur?

A
  1. CERVICAL ENLARGEMENT (C4-T1)
  2. LUMBOSACRAL ENGLARGEMENT (T9-T12)

provides extra nervous tissue to supply upper and lower limbs

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9
Q

conus medullaris

A

Inferior end of the spinal cord. Nerves supplying the lower limbs

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10
Q

cauda equina

A

nerves coming out of the bottom of the spinal cord

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11
Q

where do nerves exit past the conus medullaris?

A

They continue down vertebral canal, exiting through respective foramina or through SACRAL FORAMINA (holes in sacrum)

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12
Q

Filum terminale

A

extension of pia mater that anchors spinal cord to end of vertebral column (COCCYX)

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13
Q

meninges of spinal cord

A

continuous of brain

DURA MATER
- dense irregular CT
- EPIDURAL SPACE: between tissue and bone (periosteum only connected to bone, not dura). Helps protect and hold spinal cord in place.

ARACHMOID MATER
- avascular, simple squamous, colagen and elastin fibres
- SUBDURAL SPACE: between arachnoid and dura mater

PIA MATER
- tight to spinal cord
- DENTICULATE LIGAMENTS: small extensions that connect to dura mater. Prevent lateral movement.
- FILUM TERMINALE: anchors spinal cord to coccyx
- SUBARACHNOID SPACE: contains CSF

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14
Q

what are denticulate ligaments?

A
  • extensions of pia mater that connect it to dura mater
  • prevent lateral movement of spinal cord
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14
Q

What structures prevent movement in spinal cord?

A
  • fiium terminale prevents longitudinal movement
  • denticulate ligaments prevent lateral movement
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15
Q

anatomy of a spinal cord cross section (draw it out)

A
16
Q

internal anatomy of the spinal cord (draw it out)

A
17
Q

structure and function of grey matter in spinal cord

A

butterfly shaped
DORSAL HORN (posterior)
- where sensory neurons enter spinal cord
LATERAL HORN
- found only in thoracic and lumbar
- ANS
VENTRAL HORN (anterior)
- “motor horn”
- somatic motor neurons that go to skeletal
GREY COMMISURES
- connects R and L side
- in centre is CENTRAL CANAL

18
Q

structure and function of white matter in horn

A
  • 2 halves, 3 columns in each half
  • columns subdivided into ascending and descending nerve tracts (FASCICULI) that are grouped based on function
  • connected by WHITE COMMISSURES that allow signals to move from one side to the other
19
Q

what structure connects R and L sides of spinal cord in grey matter?

A

grey commissures

20
Q

rootlets

A
  • located at each spinal level
  • leave or enter spinal cord
  • a part of PNS
21
Q

what is the inferior end of the spinal cord called?

A

conus medullaris

22
Q

dorsal and ventral regions of spinal cord

A

dorsal: posterior median sulcus
ventral: anterior median fissure

23
Q

structure of grey matter in spinal cord

A
  • butterfly shape in centre
  • contains posterior, lateral and anterior horns
  • grey commissures connect each side
  • in the centre is the CENTRAL CANAL (continuum of ventricles in brain, contains CSF)
24
Q

function of grey matter horns

A

POSTERIOR: sensory
- sensory neurons enter and synapse in spinal cord
- contains only interneuron cell bodies because sensory cell bodies are in dorsal root ganglion
LATERAL: ANS
VENTRAL: motor
- contains somatic motor neurons that go to skeletal muscles

25
Q

lateral horns are only found in…

A

thoracic and lumbar regions

26
Q

when dorsal and ventral roots merge we get the…

A

spinal nerve

27
Q

where do neurons from lateral horn exit? What tissues do they target?

A
  • ventral root
  • 2 neuron system
  • target cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands
28
Q

diseases asscociated with anterior spinal cord injury

A

polio
ALS

29
Q

What happens after sensory neurons enter spinal cord

A
  • synapse with interneurons or enter white matter and ascend or descend cord
30
Q

where are the cell bodies of motor and sensory neurons located?

A

sensory: dorsal root ganglion
motor: ventral horn

Anatomy (36 decks)

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