Brain: Brainstem & Cerebellum

Question 1

Name 3 sections of brain stem, inferior to superior

Answer 1

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

Question 2

medulla oblongata structure function

Answer 2

structure
- most inferior part of brain stem
- connects to spinal cord
- PYRAMIDS: anterior white matter bulges that have descending tracts that send out motor signals. DECUSSATION OF THE PYRAMIDS- crossing over
- OLIVES: relay info from muscles/joints to cerebellum. Balance, coordination, modulation of sound.
- centre for VITAL REFLEXES (breathing, heartbeat, sneezing)

NERVES THAT EXIT: hypoglossal nerve (XII) and vagus nerve (X)
NUCLEI OF NERVES 5, 7, 9, 11, 12

Question 3

pyramids

Answer 3

in medulla oblongata
- white matter bulges
- descending tracts
- conscious control of skeletal muscle
- DECUSSATION OF THE PYRAMIDS: crossing over of tracts

Question 4

Pons structure function

Answer 4

• ascending and descending nerve tracts
• sleep centre (REM sleep), respiratory centre
• (anterior) PONTAINE NUCLEI: communication between cerebrum and cerebellum
• (posterior) NUCLEI OF NERVES 5, 6, 7, 8

Question 5

midbrain structure function

Answer 5

• NUCLEI OF NEREVS 3, 4, 5
• TECTUM: 4 nuclei, for 2 SUPERIOR COLLICULI (visual reflexes) and 2 INFERIOR COLLICULI (auditory reflex)

Question 6

CEREBELLAR PEDUNCALS

Answer 6

carry info fro brain stem to cerebellum
superior - midbrain to cerebellum
middle: pons to cerebellum
inferior: medulla oblongata to cerebellum

Question 7

reticular formation

Answer 7

group of nuclei scattered throughout brainstem
- controls cyclic activities and sleep wake cycle

Question 8

cerebellum anatomy

Answer 8

2 lateral hemispheres divided by VERMIS
anterior and posterior lobes separated by PRIMARY FISSURE
ARBOR VITAE: white matter branches
FOLIA: surface folds
FLOCCULONODULAR LOBE: