Skeletal muscle gross anatomy I

Question 1

origin vs insertion of muscle

Answer 1

origin: end attached to more stationary bone
insertion: end attached to bone with greatest movement

Question 2

very broad tendon

Answer 2

aponeurosis

Question 3

muscles that work together to cause a movement

Answer 3

SYNERGISTS
- PRIME MOVERS: major role in accomplishing movement
- FIXATORS: stabilize joints crossed by prime mover

Question 4

belly of the muscle

Answer 4

largest portion of muscle between origin and insertion

Question 5

In general, characteristics of muscles that cause flexion/extension/lrotation in neck

Answer 5

Flexion
- deep
- attached to anterior side of vertebral bodies
Extension
- posterior
- attached to occipital bone and mastoid process
Rotation/Lateral flexion
- lateral and posterior groups

Question 6

prime movers in neck

Answer 6

• STERNOCLEOMASTOID (lateral/anterior, forward flexion, rotate)
• TRAPEZIUS (posterior, extension, lateral flexion)

Question 7

types muscles that move vertebral column

Answer 7

Deep group
- vertebrae to vertebrae

Superficial Group
- vertebrae to ribs

Question 8

prime movers of back extension

Answer 8

ERECTOR SPINAE
3 subgroups
- SPINALIS (medial)
- LONGISSIMUS (intermediate)
- ILIOCOSTALIS (lateral)

Question 9

4 groups of thoracic muscles

Answer 9

SCALENES: 3 muscles that elevate first two ribs during inhalation
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS: elevate the ribs
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS: depress ribs during expiration
TRANSVERSUS THORACIS: depress ribs during expiration (originate on sternum, insert on costal cartilages)
DIAPHRAGM:

Question 10

which thoracic muscles depress the ribs

Answer 10

internal intercostals
transversus thoracis

Question 11

which thoracic muscles elevate the ribs

Answer 11

external intercostals
scalenes

Question 12

centre line of connective tissue on abdomen

Answer 12

linea alba

Question 13

muscles of abdomen (superficial to deep) and their movements

Answer 13

all muscles compress
- external oblique: flexion, rotation, compression
- internal oblique: flexion, rotation
- transversus: compression
- rectus abdominis: flexion

Question 14

muscles involved in scapular movement

Answer 14

• trapezius (elevate, depress, rotate, retract)
• levator scapulae (elevate, rotate)
  rhomboideus (elevate, retract)
• serratus anterior (hold scapula in place on rib cage, protract, rotate)
• pectoralis minor (depress)

Question 15

another word for muscle origin

Answer 15

head

Question 16

aponeurosis

Answer 16

very broad tendon

Question 17

agonist vs antagonist muscle

Answer 17

agonist: muscle that, when contracted, causes an action
antagonist: muscle working in opposition to agonist

Question 18

muscles are named based on…

Answer 18

location
size (maximus, minimus)
shape (deltiod)
action/function
orientation of fibres (rectus, transverse, oblique)
origin and insertion
number of heads (biceps, triceps)

Question 19

sternocleidomastoid origin, insertion, classification, function

Answer 19

Origins:
- clavicular head (clavicle)
- sternal head (manubrium of sternum)
Insertion: mastoid process
Classification: lateral neck muscle
Function: neck flexion

Question 20

trapezius origin, insertion, classification, function

Answer 20

Origin: broadly along vertibrae
Insertions
- spine of scapula
- clavicle, comes over shoulder
classification: posterior neck muscle
Function: extension and lateral flexion of neck, elevate/depress/rotate scapula

Question 21

How do muscle fibres run in external and internal intercostals?

Answer 21

EXTERNAL
- “hands in your pockets” direction
- Tilt rib below up and out to help create room for inspiration
INTERNAL
- perpendicular to external intercostals
- move ribs downa dn in

Question 22

muscles involved in scapular movement

Answer 22

• trapezius (elevate, depress, rotate)
• levator scapulae
• rhomboideus (retract, elevate)
• serratus anterior (protraction, rotation)
• pectoralis minor (depress)

Question 23

levator scapulae origin, insertion, function

Answer 23

origin: cervical vertebrae
insertion: top portion of scapula

Question 24

rhomboideus origin, insertion, function

Answer 24

rhomboid major (inferior) and minor (superior)

Origin: thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Function: retract scapula

Question 25

serratus anterior origin, insertion, function

Answer 25

not on anterior side of body, just anterior to scapula
Origin:
Insertion:
Function: protraction, rotation
hold scapula in place on rib cage, “boxers muscle” (holds arms in that place)

Question 26

pectoralis minor origin, insertion, function

Answer 26

Origin: 3-5th rib
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Function: depress scapula