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AP Human Geography > Weak Concepts- For Midterm > Flashcards

Weak Concepts- For Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Define density

A

The frequency with which something occurs in space

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2
Q

Define a formal (or uniform) region and give examples

A

An area within which everyone has at least one or more distinctive characteristics in common that are universally recognized. Ex: The US, Canada, Tennessee, etc

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3
Q

Define a functional (nodal) region and give examples

A

An area organized around a node or focal point. Ex: TV broadcast area, train stations, airport, etc

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4
Q

Define a vernacular (or perceptual) region and give examples

A

A place people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity that is not universally agreed upon. Ex: The South, the Rust Belt, the Sun Belt, etc

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5
Q

Define site

A

The physical characteristic of a place

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6
Q

Define situation

A

The location of a place relative to other places

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7
Q

Define concentration

A

The extent of a feature’s spread over an area

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8
Q

Define a chloropleth map

A

A map that shows you by county where something is

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9
Q

What is a proportional map

A

Big and little dots

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10
Q

What’s an isoline map?

A

Lines

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11
Q

Define GIS (Global Information System)

A

A computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data. It’s used to make maps.

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12
Q

Define GPS (Global positioning system)

A

A system that accurately determines the precise position of something on earth

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13
Q

Define physiological density

A

The number of people per unit of area suitable for agriculture

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14
Q

Define projection

A

The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map

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15
Q

Define stimulus diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle even though the characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

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16
Q

Define scale

A

The relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and the earth as a whole

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17
Q

If something a map has a large scale, is it more zoomed in or out?

A

It’s more zoomed in

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18
Q

Define agricultural density

A

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

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19
Q

Define arithmetic density

A

The total number of people divided by the total land area

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20
Q

What are the pros and cons of the Robinson map?

A

It’s good for everyday use, however it distorts land masses.

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21
Q

What are the pros and cons of the Mercator map?

A

It’s good for navigation, however the landmasses at the poles look larger than they really are

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22
Q

What is Goode’s projection map also called and why is it used a lot?

A

It’s also called the “Orange peel map”. It’s good because there’s not much distortion

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23
Q

Define demography

A

The scientific study of population characteristics

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24
Q

Define ecumene

A

The portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

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25
Q

What are the theories of Thomas Malthus? (And when did he make them?)

A

He argued that the rate of the world’s population increase is outrunning the development of food supplies. However, he made these conclusions while England was still in stage 2 of the DTM and growing rapidly

26
Q

What do Neo-Malthusians believe?

A

They think that world population growth (today) is outstripping a wide variety of resources, not just food production.

27
Q

What do Anti-Malthusians believe?

A

Malthus’s critics come from a wide variety of perspectives. However, they all consider Malthus’s beliefs unrealistic because Malthus considers our amount of resources to be fixed, not expanding. Larger population = More production of food

28
Q

Define a guest worker

A

A term once used for a worker who migrated to developed countries in search of a higher-paying job

29
Q

Define interregional migration

A

Permanent migration from one region of the country to another

30
Q

Define intraregional migration

A

Permanent migration within one region of a country

31
Q

What are Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration?

A

A set of geographic theories to explain his observations of human migration that specifically look at the distance migrants move, the reasons they move, and the characteristics of the typical migrant.

32
Q

What is Zelinsky’s Theory of Migration?

A

A set of migration patterns developed by Wilbur Zelinksy that correlate to the DTM

33
Q

What are the five parts to Ravenstein’s laws of migration?

A
  1. Migration tends to happen more over short distances.
  2. Occurs overs a series of stages (step migration) from the countryside, to villages, to small downs, then to cities
  3. Every migration has a counterflow (movement to the cities, as well as away from the cities)
  4. Urban dwellers are less migratory than rural residents
  5. Most migrants are adults – Women are more migratory over short distances and men tend to migrate over long distances while looking for economic opportunity
34
Q

During stage 1 of the DTM, according to Wilbur Zelinski, what type of migration are they likely to engage in?

A

High daily or seasonal mobility in search of food

35
Q

During stage 2 of the DTM, according to Wilbur Zelinski, what type of migration are they likely to engage in?

A

High international emmigration and interregional migration from rural to urban areas

36
Q

During stage 3 of the DTM, according to Wilbur Zelinski, what type of migration are they likely to engage in?

A

High international immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs

37
Q

During stage 4 of the DTM, according to Wilbur Zelinski, what type of migration are they likely to engage in?

A

Same as stage three; high international immigration in intraregional migration from cities to suburbs

38
Q

During stage 5 of the DTM, according to Wilbur Zelinski, what type of migration are they likely to engage in?

A

If anyone in a stage five country moves it all, it’s internally because there’s no reason to leave the country with such a good quality of life

39
Q

Define custom

A

A custom is the frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group of people performing the act

40
Q

Where did English come from and what languages influenced its development?

A

It originated in The British Isles. The Celts, Germanic tribes, Vikings, and Normans all had their own unique languages and they combined to create English.

41
Q

What’s a negative part of the diffusion of culture?

A

The fact that it can contribute to placelessness

42
Q

What’s a positive part of the diffusion of culture?

A

It causes more revenue for the country of origin/hearth

43
Q

Define Pidgin language

A

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of the lingua franca; used for communications amongst speakers of two different languages

44
Q

Defined interfaith conflict

A

Conflict within one face

45
Q

Define intrafaith conflict

A

Conflicts amongst two or more faiths

46
Q

Why are there so many Baptists in the South (U.S.?)

A

They came to America from England due to religious persecution, and they chose to settle in the south because of a similar climate. The civil war kept it from diffusing to the North until later.

47
Q

Where did the majority of the original Presbyterians come from?

A

The Highlands of Scotland

48
Q

Where are Presbyterians commonly found today and why?

A

There are found in the Southern US and West Pennsylvania. This is due to the fact that the original immigrants were from Scotland in Scotland has a similar climate to the Eastern United States, and in addition there is evidence of chain migration

49
Q

Where did Mormonism originate and why did it diffuse?

A

Originated in New York and it diffused from Ohio, then to Western Missouri, and to Illinois, and eventually Utah due to religious persecution and missionaries

50
Q

What is one explanation for why the tensions are lower today than ever before as far as religion goes in Europe?

A

The growing trend of secularism

51
Q

What are the three branches of Buddhism?

A

Mahayana, Theravada, and Vajrayana

52
Q

What are the 3 major branches of Christianity?

A

Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox

53
Q

What are the two branches of Islam?

A

Sunni and Shia (Shi’ite)

54
Q

Define Balkanization

A

The break up of a large Multi ethnic state due to ethnic conflict

55
Q

Define apartheid

A

The legal segregation of races or ethnicities

56
Q

What is the Jim Crow law?

A

It basically mean “separate but equal” – It encouraged many African-Americans to flee to the cities in the north looking for work in the 1940s and 50s

57
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The belief that one’s own ethnicity is better than another ethnicity

58
Q

What is state sponsored terrorism?

A

When a state provides terrorists sanctuary/ protection, supplies weapons and/or money, or helps plan and coordinate attacks

59
Q

What countries does the US consider to be state sponsors of terrorism?

A

Iran, Sudan, Syria

60
Q

What is Al Qaeda?

A

“The base” was formed in the 1980s lead by Osama bin Laden. In 1989 the Soviets withdraw from Afghanistan and set their sights on taking down the US.

61
Q

When did Bin Laden become angry with the US and why?

A

After the First Gulf War in 1990 because he was forced out of Africa and then began setting up training camps in Afghanistan

62
Q

What are some of the primary goals of modern terrorist groups?

A

Destroy the US (one of the last remaining superpowers), Drive minority groups out of majority ethnic areas, Punish states that support Israel, religious extremism, and self rule/ independance for a certain region or group of people.

AP Human Geography (35 decks)

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