Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

Infant mortality rate

Answer 1

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Question 2

Life expectancy

Answer 2

The average number of years in individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live

Question 3

Demographic transition model (DTM)

Answer 3

Is based on historical population trends of birth rate and death rate to suggest that a country total population growth rate cycles through stages as the country develops economically

Question 4

Population pyramid

Answer 4

Are graph that represents this distribution of population by age and sex

Question 5

Zero population growth

Answer 5

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Question 6

Ecumene

Answer 6

The inhabited world

Question 7

Overpopulation

Answer 7

When a place doesn’t have enough resources to support life at a decent standard of living

Question 8

Arithmetic Density

Answer 8

The total number of people divided by the total land area

Question 9

Physiological density

Answer 9

The number of people per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Question 10

Agricultural density

Answer 10

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Question 11

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 11

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Question 12

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 12

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Question 13

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Answer 13

The percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Question 14

Doubling time

Answer 14

The number of years needed to double a population while assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Question 15

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 15

The average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing years

Question 16

Zero population growth

Answer 16

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Question 17

Infant mortality rate

Answer 17

The total number of deaths in a year of infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Question 18

Life expectancy

Answer 18

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live given the current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Question 19

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 19

The average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live

Question 20

Demographic Transition Model (DMT)

Answer 20

Based on historical population trends of birth rate and death rate to suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically

Question 21

Population pyramid

Answer 21

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

Question 22

Dependency ratio

Answer 22

The number of people under age 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the work force

Question 23

Sex ratio

Answer 23

The number of males per 100 females in the population

Question 24

Stage 1 of the DTM

Answer 24

High birth rates, high death rates. Agricultural, undeveloped. “old world” traditions. Ex: Somalia, Chad

Question 25

Stage 2 of the DTM

Answer 25

High birth rates, lowering death rates.
Some kind of improvement in medicine, nutrition, water, or sanitation to keep people alive longer.
Countries beginning to develop.
Ex: Afghanistan, India in 1970

Question 26

Stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 26

Developing countries.
Death rate going even further down, birth rate peaks and the begins to fall.
Women begin to work because of industrialization and have less kids.
Less kids in late stage 3, many at the beginning of stage 3
Ex: Brazil is early stage 3, Mexico is late stage 3

Question 27

Stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 27

Steady birth and death rates.
Good health care and education.
In early stage 4 the population is still growing, stops growing at late stage 4.
Ex: US & Canada

Question 28

Stage 5 (????) of the DTM

Answer 28

Birth rates low, death rates may go up a bit due to viruses evolving/ adapting to our medicines.
Ex: Germany, Poland, Russia, Japan

Question 29

Thomas Malthus

Answer 29

He argues that the rate of the world’s population increase is outrunning the development of food sources. However, he made these conclusions while England was in stage 2, which is when the population grows the most rapidly.

Question 30

Epidemiological transition

Answer 30

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Question 31

Epidemiology

Answer 31

The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that effect everyone in a population during a small period of time and are produced by a cause that’s not usually a problem

Question 32

Pandemic

Answer 32

A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population