Crash course: Population Flashcards
What is demography?
The study of human populations
What can affect a country’s well-being?
The size, composition, and growth of a country’s population affects its well-being
What percent of earth’s population lives in poorer, less developed countries? Where can those countries be found?
About 80% of Earth’s population lives in poorer, less developed regions in Latin America, Africa, and Asia
Where can the largest concentration of people on earth be found?
In East Asia (China, Japan, Taiwan, and North & South Korea)
Where is the second-largest concentration of people?
In South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan)
Where is the third-largest concentration of people?
In Europe (from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains)
Where is the highest number of urban dwellers?
Asia
Where is the highest percentage of urban dwellers?
Europe
What is density?
The number of people in a particular land area
What is arithmetic density?
The total number of people divided by the total land area
What is physiological density?
The number of people per unit of arable land. This is helpful for analyzing the amount of farmland available in the region
What is agricultural density?
The amount of farmers per unit of arable land
What does carrying capacity depend on?
Available space, available technology, weather, climate, and ability to bring in resources from other areas to support its people
How has Japan avoided overpopulation?
It has increased its carrying capacity to avoid overpopulation by developing trade relationships with other countries so Japan could import food for its people in exchange for Japanese technology
What are some reasons for under development?
Colonial exploitation, educational and gender inequities, and inefficient economic & agricultural processes in place (among other factors)
What is a group of people the same age known as?
A cohort
What are some countries with graying populations?
Russia, Japan, and Italy
What can having a high dependency ratio lead to?
Problems because there are fewer workers able to pay taxes and support programs needed to care for dependents, such as health care
What is causing an increasing dependency ratio and where?
There’s an increasing dependency ration in Western Europe and the US as the baby boomers age
What is the CBR (crude birth rate)?
The CBR (crude birth rate) is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year
What is CDR (crude death rate)?
The CDR (crude death rate) is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year
What is fecundity?
The ability of a woman to conceive.
What is the general fertility rate (GFR)?
The number of births per 1,000 women in their fecund years, more specific than the CBR
What is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
The predicted number of births a women will have as she passes through her fecund years
What number TFR is considered replacement level fertility?
2.1-2.5
What did Karl Marx say about population growth?
He said that the problem wasn’t population growth rates, but was related to the unequal distribution of wages and resources
What did Ester Borserup say about population growth?
That overpopulation could be avoided by increasing the number of subsistence farmers
What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
An epidemic is a disease that affects one more local region more acutely and a pandemic is global
What is an epicenter?
A region at the center of impact
What is another name for demographic momentum and where does it usually happen?
Sometimes called hidden momentum, demographic momentum occurs in many under developed countries when the population continues to grow even after replacement level fertility is reached
