Chapter 7 Test Flashcards
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
Race is based on shared biological traits and ethnicity is based on shared cultural heritage
Can people from different races be part of the same ethnicity?
Yes
What does ethnikos mean?
National
What does ethnos?
People
What do people of the same ethnicities share?
A cultural identity with people who are from the same homeland as them
What is a way of self-identification?
Ethnicity is a way of self-identification based on shared culture, history, and place of origin
Why do most geographers dismiss race?
Because race is literally skin deep and race can’t be tied to one specific place
What is an ethnic group?
A sense of group identity that doesn’t take biological traits into account- based on culture
What are the 6 characteristics of ethnic groups?
- A common proper name (ex: hispanic)
- Common ancestry and place of origin
- Shared history (Events, etc)
- One or more elements of culture (religion, language, customs, etc)
- Linked to a homeland
- A sense of solidarity and kinship
What does chain migration create?
Ethnic enclaves- concentrations of people with similar ethnicities. Ex: Chinatowm
What is the amalgamation (melting pot) theory?
The theory that ethnic groups will combine their traditions, values, and characteristics with one another to create a new group as a result of a multiethnic society
What is the opposite of assimilation?
The amalgamation (melting pot) theory
Define nationalism
Patriotism for your country
What is the nationality in the UK?
British
What are the 4 major ethnicities in the UK?
English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish
What is the positive side to nationalism?
It gives the people a strong sense of patriotism, national pride, and unity
What’s the negative side to nationalism?
It can lead to competition for power, territory, and discrimination against a minority ethnic group
What country began to break up shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union?
Yugoslavia
What held the country Yugoslavia together? What happened after it fell apart?
The communist government held the country together, but after the government fell all the ethnic groups competed for territory and power
What were the 3 main ethnic groups in Yugoslavia?
Bosniaks- Muslims
Croats- Catholic Christians
Serbs- Orthodox Christians
What is Balkanization?
The break up of a large, multiethnic state due to ethnic conflicts
What did the conflict in Yugoslavia lead to?
It lead to widespread ethnic cleansing, which is when a more powerful ethnic group seeks to forcibly remove or kill less powerful ethnicities in order to create a homogeneous region
What can ethnic cleansing lead to?
It can lead to discrimination, violence, genocide, and a major refugee crisis
What is the largest multi-ethnic state?
Russia
How many ethnic groups does Russia have?
185
How did Russia divide itself into republics? (What did they take into consideration the most?)
Russia subdivided into republics based on the majority and minority ethnic groups
How did the way Russia subdivided cause problems?
It caused some ethnic groups to seek autonomy/ self-rule, which leads to violence and civil war
How many potential ethnic conflicts are there in Russia?
2,000 potential conflicts are in Russia
Why has Russia had to deal with so many years of violence in the southwestern part of the country?
Because the majority of the Muslim republics like Chechnya and Dagestan are seeking independence from Russia
Why are there so many ethic conflicts in Africa?
Because of improperly drawn borders by European colonizers
What is apartheid?
The physical separation of different races into different geographic areas
What are the 4 most common ethnicities in the UK?
English, Welsh, Scots, and Irish
What is nationality in America?
An american nationality describes all citizens of of the US, even those who immigrated from other countries and became citizens
What is ethnicity?
Ethnicity identifies groups with distinct ancestry and cultural traditions
What is nationalism?
The patriotism for one’s country
Where in Africa has there been the most history of ethnic conflict/cleansing?
Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Somalia, Rwanda, and the Congo
