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AP Human Geography > Chapter 7 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

A

Race is based on shared biological traits and ethnicity is based on shared cultural heritage

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2
Q

Can people from different races be part of the same ethnicity?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What does ethnikos mean?

A

National

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4
Q

What does ethnos?

A

People

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5
Q

What do people of the same ethnicities share?

A

A cultural identity with people who are from the same homeland as them

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6
Q

What is a way of self-identification?

A

Ethnicity is a way of self-identification based on shared culture, history, and place of origin

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7
Q

Why do most geographers dismiss race?

A

Because race is literally skin deep and race can’t be tied to one specific place

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8
Q

What is an ethnic group?

A

A sense of group identity that doesn’t take biological traits into account- based on culture

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9
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of ethnic groups?

A
  1. A common proper name (ex: hispanic)
  2. Common ancestry and place of origin
  3. Shared history (Events, etc)
  4. One or more elements of culture (religion, language, customs, etc)
  5. Linked to a homeland
  6. A sense of solidarity and kinship
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10
Q

What does chain migration create?

A

Ethnic enclaves- concentrations of people with similar ethnicities. Ex: Chinatowm

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11
Q

What is the amalgamation (melting pot) theory?

A

The theory that ethnic groups will combine their traditions, values, and characteristics with one another to create a new group as a result of a multiethnic society

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12
Q

What is the opposite of assimilation?

A

The amalgamation (melting pot) theory

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13
Q

Define nationalism

A

Patriotism for your country

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14
Q

What is the nationality in the UK?

A

British

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15
Q

What are the 4 major ethnicities in the UK?

A

English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish

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16
Q

What is the positive side to nationalism?

A

It gives the people a strong sense of patriotism, national pride, and unity

17
Q

What’s the negative side to nationalism?

A

It can lead to competition for power, territory, and discrimination against a minority ethnic group

18
Q

What country began to break up shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union?

A

Yugoslavia

19
Q

What held the country Yugoslavia together? What happened after it fell apart?

A

The communist government held the country together, but after the government fell all the ethnic groups competed for territory and power

20
Q

What were the 3 main ethnic groups in Yugoslavia?

A

Bosniaks- Muslims
Croats- Catholic Christians
Serbs- Orthodox Christians

21
Q

What is Balkanization?

A

The break up of a large, multiethnic state due to ethnic conflicts

22
Q

What did the conflict in Yugoslavia lead to?

A

It lead to widespread ethnic cleansing, which is when a more powerful ethnic group seeks to forcibly remove or kill less powerful ethnicities in order to create a homogeneous region

23
Q

What can ethnic cleansing lead to?

A

It can lead to discrimination, violence, genocide, and a major refugee crisis

24
Q

What is the largest multi-ethnic state?

A

Russia

25
Q

How many ethnic groups does Russia have?

A

185

26
Q

How did Russia divide itself into republics? (What did they take into consideration the most?)

A

Russia subdivided into republics based on the majority and minority ethnic groups

27
Q

How did the way Russia subdivided cause problems?

A

It caused some ethnic groups to seek autonomy/ self-rule, which leads to violence and civil war

28
Q

How many potential ethnic conflicts are there in Russia?

A

2,000 potential conflicts are in Russia

29
Q

Why has Russia had to deal with so many years of violence in the southwestern part of the country?

A

Because the majority of the Muslim republics like Chechnya and Dagestan are seeking independence from Russia

30
Q

Why are there so many ethic conflicts in Africa?

A

Because of improperly drawn borders by European colonizers

31
Q

What is apartheid?

A

The physical separation of different races into different geographic areas

32
Q

What are the 4 most common ethnicities in the UK?

A

English, Welsh, Scots, and Irish

33
Q

What is nationality in America?

A

An american nationality describes all citizens of of the US, even those who immigrated from other countries and became citizens

34
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

Ethnicity identifies groups with distinct ancestry and cultural traditions

35
Q

What is nationalism?

A

The patriotism for one’s country

36
Q

Where in Africa has there been the most history of ethnic conflict/cleansing?

A

Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Somalia, Rwanda, and the Congo

AP Human Geography (35 decks)

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