Chapter 12

Question 1

Where do services make up the majority of employment?

Answer 1

MDCs (almost 80% in the US)

Question 2

What determines the percent of employment in the tertiary sector?

Answer 2

Where the people live that can afford services

Question 3

What is the Gini Coefficient?

Answer 3

A visual representation of the income distribution of a nation’s residents

Question 4

What are the three categories of services?

Answer 4

Consumer services, business services, and public services

Question 5

What are examples of consumer services?

Answer 5

Retail, hotels, restaurants, etc

Question 6

What are examples of business services

Answer 6

Law, accounting, architecture, banking, real estate, etc

Question 7

What are examples of public services

Answer 7

State and local government, police, fire, etc

Question 8

What controls the location of consumer services?

Answer 8

It follows a regular pattern based on the size of settlements

Question 9

What theory do services follow and what does that accomplish?

Answer 9

Services follow the Central Place Theory to maximize the location to customers

Question 10

Who proposed the Central Place Theory and when?

Answer 10

Walter Christaller in the 1930s

Question 11

What is central place?

Answer 11

The market (for the exchange of goods and services)

Question 12

What is hinterland?

Answer 12

The market area (where the customers are)

Question 13

What is the threshold?

Answer 13

Them minimum number of people needed to support the service of/ in the area

Question 14

What is range?

Answer 14

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to obtain a service

Question 15

What is the best location for a service?

Answer 15

Where it minimizes the distance to the service for the largest number of people

Question 16

What shape did Christaller use and why?

Answer 16

He used hexagons as a compromise instead of circles and squares because circles and squares created overlaps and gaps.

Question 17

What does central place theory describe?

Answer 17

The spatial distribution and size of cities and towns

Question 18

What do central places compete against and what does it create?

Answer 18

Central places compete against one another creating a pattern of services and settlements

Question 19

What is Hotelling’s Law?

Answer 19

That services tend to cluster and that competitors want to be as close to each other and the customers as possible

Question 20

Services fall under what sector of the economy?

Answer 20

Tertiary

Question 21

What is the gravity model?

Answer 21

It’s used to predict the degree of interaction between 2 places (the pull)

Question 22

What does the strength of the bond between two places depend on?

Answer 22

Population and distance

Question 23

What is the rank-size rule and what kinds of countries follow it?

Answer 23

MDCs tend to follow this rule. It’s when the proportion of small cities to large cities within a country follows a pattern; The second largest city is 1/2 the size of the first, the third largest city 1.3 the size of the first, and so on

Question 24

What are some countries where the rank-size rule is found?

Answer 24

Italy, Canada, and Australia

Question 25

What are primate cities?

Answer 25

The one major city that serves as the dominant political, economic, and social force (at least 2x as big as the size of the next largest city)

Question 26

What are some examples of countries with primate cities?

Answer 26

France, England, Spain, Mexico, Thailand (bankok is 40x the size of the next largest city), Argentina

Question 27

What are some implications of the rank-size rule?

Answer 27

Services are evenly distributed, Limits the need to go to one location, but no common central area or large market/ no centripetal force

Question 28

What are some implications of the Primate City Rule?

Answer 28

There’s a dominant city/ pull factor, all services you need are centrally located, global and regional trading power, creates congestion/ traffic, and unequal distribution of wealth and power

Question 29

What are forward capitals?

Answer 29

Not all primate cities are world capital cities, some are foward cities, where the captial once was and now isn’t. Ex: Brazil, US, Pakistan, etc

Question 30

Why would you move the captial?

Answer 30

Centrally located, to demonstrait power and presteige, and can be moved to attract people to a new area