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Immuno-Sero LEC > WBCs > Flashcards

WBCs Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophils aka

A

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophilic Leukocytes

Segmenters

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2
Q

Most abundant WBC

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

Nucleus: NEU

A

2 to 5 lobes

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4
Q

Neutrophils
Main function is

A

phagocytosis, leading to the destruction of foreign particles.

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5
Q

First cell to migrate toward the site of infection

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

Diapedesis vs Chemotaxis

A

• Diapedesis: Movement through blood vessel walls to tissues.

Chemotaxis: Migration towards specific areas guided by chemotactic factors.

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7
Q

EOSINOPHILS
• Increase in

A

allergic reactions or parasitic infections.

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8
Q

• Nucleus: EO

A

Bilobed or ellipsoidal, often eccentrically located.

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9
Q

EO
Staining:

A

Takes up acid eosin dye; cytoplasm contains large orange to reddish-orange granules.

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10
Q

BASOPHILS
• Represent less than____ of all circulating WBCs.

A

1%

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11
Q

BASO nucleus

A

• Contain coarse, ‘deep-bluish-purple granules that often obscure the nucleus.

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12
Q

• Allergic Reactions:

Regulate T helper cell responses and stimulate B cells to produce |gE.

A

Basophils

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13
Q

BASO

• ______induces smooth muscle contraction;_____ acts as an anticoagulant.

A

Histamine

heparin

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14
Q

MONOCYTES
Nucleus:

A

Irregularly folded or horseshoe-shaped.

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15
Q

MONOCYTES

Cytoplasm:

A

Ground-glass appearance with fine dust-like granules.

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16
Q

• Precursor for macrophages

A

Monocytes

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17
Q

MACROPHAGES
Arise from_____.
Differentiation and cell division occur in_____.

A

monocytes

tissues

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18
Q

Functions:
. Innate Immunity: Microbial killing,
anti-tumor activity, intracellular parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion of cell mediators.

A

Macrophages

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19
Q

• Activation: Enhanced killing activity when activated by microorganisms or cytokines.

A

Macrophages

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20
Q

Adaptive immunity:
Present antigens to T and B cells.

A

Macrophages

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21
Q

Macrophages in the blood

A

Monocytes

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22
Q

Macrophages in the lungs

A

Alveolar macrophages, dust cells

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23
Q

Macrophages in the liver

A

Kupffer cells

24
Q

Macrophages in the skin

A

Langerhans cells

25
Q

Macrophages in the CNS

A

Microglial cells, microgilia

26
Q

Macrophages in the bones

A

Osteoclasts

27
Q

Macrophages in the kidney

A

Mesangial cells

28
Q

Macrophages in the CT

A

Histiocytes

29
Q

Macrophages in the lymph nodes

A

Dendritic cells

30
Q

Mast cells play a role in_____, but they can also function as____

A

allergic reactions

antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

31
Q

They can both enhance and suppress the adaptive immune response.

A

Mast cells

32
Q

DENDRITIC CELLS
• Named for long membranous extensions resembling..

A

nerve cell dendrites

33
Q

Dendritic cells
• Functions:
• Antigen Capture:

A

Capture antigens via phagocytosis or endocytosis

34
Q

Dendritic cells

Antigen Presentation:

A

Present antigens to T lymphocytes to initiate adaptive immune response.

35
Q

Dendritic cells

Effectiveness:

A

Most effective antigen-presenting cell (APC) and potent phagocytic cell.

36
Q

• Lack specificity, essential for early
defense

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

37
Q

Eliminate target cells without
prior exposure

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

38
Q

• First line of defense against virally infected cells, intracellular
pathogens, and tumor cells

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

39
Q

NATURAL KILLER CELLS
• Mechanism of Cytotoxicity
• Binding Receptors on NK Cells

Inhibitory Receptors:
Activating Receptors:

A

Deliver inhibitory signals

Trigger cytotoxic mechanisms

40
Q

NK cells

Healthy cells:

Diseased/cancerous cells:

A

Inhibitory signals from class I MHC proteins

Lack MHC proteins (“missing self”), activating signals from stress proteins

41
Q

NATURAL KILLER CELLS
• Cytotoxic Action

Releases these 2 enzymes

A

Perforins form channels (pores) in target cell membrane

Granzymes enter through channels, mediate cell lysis

42
Q

NK cells

Elimination of target cells in…

A

30-60 minutes

43
Q

NATURAL KILLER CELLS
• Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
(ADCC)

A

• NK cells recognize and lyse antibody-
coated cells

• Binding through CD16 receptor for Fc
portion of IgG

Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils also exhibit ADCC

44
Q

(ADCC)

A

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity

45
Q

External defense

A

Skin and mucous membrane
Lactic acid
Cilia
Stomach acid
Urine
Lysozyme
Normal flora

46
Q

Skin and mucous membrane

A

Biological barriers

47
Q

Lactic acid

A

Keeps down growth of microorganisms

48
Q

Cilia

A

Moves pathogen out of respiratory tract

49
Q

Stomach acid

A

Low pH keeps pathogens from growing

50
Q

Urine

A

Flushes out pathogen from the body

51
Q

Lysozyme

A

Attacks the cell wall of the microorganisms

52
Q

Normal flora

A

Competes with pathogen
Produce antimicrobial peptides

53
Q

Internal defense

A

Cells

Pathogen recognition receptors (e.g. Toll-like receptors)

Acute-phase reactants

54
Q

External defense cells

A

Participate in phagocytosis
NK cells destroy target cells using granzymes and perforins

55
Q

Toll like receptors

A

Help phagocytic cells recognize pathogens

56
Q

acute phase reactants

A

Recruit WBCs for phagocytosis

Coat pathogens to enhance phagocytosis
Mop up debris

Immuno-Sero LEC (25 decks)

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