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Immuno-Sero LEC > COMPLEMENT > Flashcards

COMPLEMENT Flashcards

1
Q

complex system composed of more than______ proteins.

A

30

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2
Q

• Aptly named because it complements the actions of______ and _______, enhancing the_________________

A

antibodies and phagocytic cells

body’s ability to recognize and eliminate threats to its health.

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3
Q

T or F

Complement

Present in an inactive form but become activated in response to various triggers.

A

True

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4
Q

• Once activated, the complement system sets off a cascade of ________that result in several crucial immune responses.

A

enzymatic reactions

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5
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• ________series of more than______ soluble plasma proteins
• Some are enzymes or proteinases
• Major fraction of______
• Part of the_______ component of the Innate I.S
• Participates in the________

A

Heat -labile ; 30

beta globulins

humoral

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

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6
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Interacts in a specific way to enhance_______
• First described by_______; further studied by_______ and realize that the complement system was a complex cascade of proteins, and it was subsequently divided into pathways

A

host defense

Paul Ehrlichs

Jules Bordet

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7
Q

• Major role of complement
•

A

Promotes OPSONIZATION, CHEMOTAXIS and CELL LYSIS

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8
Q

NOMENCLATURE
• Named with a capital C and a number:
• Ex.

A

C1, C2…C9

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9
Q

NOMENCLATURE

• Small letter after the number:
• Ex.______

• Indicates that the protein is smaller portion of a large precursor as a result of_______ by proteases

A

C4b, C4a

cleavage

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10
Q

• Larger fragment: indicated by small letter “_____”
• Smaller fragment: indicated by small letter “_____”

A

b

a

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11
Q

NOMENCLATURE

Exception of the rule:
•______ fragments
• “a” fragment =_____
• “b” fragment =_____

A

C2

LARGER

SMALLER

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12
Q

There are____ major Complement components involve in the activation

A

9

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13
Q

COMPLEMENT

• Most are produced in the_____ Except:
•_____-produced by intestinal epithelial cells
•_____ - produced by adipose tissues

A

LIVER

C1

Factor D

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14
Q

: additional sources of: C1, C2, C3, and C4

A

• Macrophages and Monocytes

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15
Q

The rest of the components
• Acts as stabilizers and control proteins, and proteases.
ex.

A

Properdin, Factor H, Factor I

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16
Q

COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
Involves three separate pathways:

A

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY (a.k.a PROPERDIN PATHWAY)

MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN (MBL) PATHWAY

17
Q

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

The Recognition unit __________

________enzyme system

Stabilized by__________

A

C1 molecule (composed of C1q, C1r, C1s)

Interlocking enzyme system

Calcium ions

18
Q

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

Requirement for Activation:

A

Antigen and Antibody Interaction
C’ binds to CH2 domain
All IgM can fix complement
All IgG can fix complement except IgG4
—Needs at least 2 monomers of lg attached to target cells

19
Q

CLASSICAL PATHWAY
Recognition Unit
________ with _______ complex can recognize and bind to the Fc regions of these antigen-antibody complexes.

A

-C1q within the C1

20
Q

Cleavage of…

Activated C1s cleaves complement components C4 and C2 into smaller fragments.

A

C4 and C2:

21
Q

Formation of C3 Convertase_______

Activated C1s cleaves complement components C4 and C2 into smaller fragments.

A

(C4b2a)

22
Q

Amplification and Cascade

-C3 bind to the pathogen’s surface and promote the formation of more…

A

C3 convertase complexes.

23
Q

Formation of C5 Convertase______
-some C3b associates with C4b2a, forming C4b2a3b, also known as C5 convertase.

A

(C4b2a3b)

24
Q

Further Activation
-cascade continues with the cleavage of C5; together with the bindings of_________, leading to the formation of the__________

A

C6, C7, C8, and C9

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC).

25
Q

-The_______ creates pores in the pathogen’s membrane, resulting in cell lysis and destruction.

A

MAC

26
Q

Formation of Membrane Attack Complex in details
-Recruitment of Complement Components:
complement components_________ are recruited sequentially to the site of C5b binding.
-Formation of the C5b-9 Complex
-Polymerization of C9
-Pore Formation

A

C6, C7, C8, and multiple units of C9

27
Q
  • Central Molecule of C’ Activation Pathways
A

C3

28
Q

•______ is the major constituent of the complement system and is present in the plasma at a concentration of______
• Pivotal point for all three pathways,

A

C3

1200 g/mL.

29
Q

• Cleavage of_______ represents the most significant step in the entire process of complement activation

A

C3 to C3b

Immuno-Sero LEC (30 decks)

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