Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IBMS SR > water soluble vitamins- vitamin c and b complex > Flashcards

water soluble vitamins- vitamin c and b complex Flashcards

functions of water soluble vitamins recognise groups at risk of vitamin deficiency effect of the deficiency of water soluble vitamins on general and oral health interactions between different vitamins and the effect on medications on inducing vitamin deficiency

1
Q

what is the definition of a vitamin

A

organic molecules required in small amounts to maintains life
they are essential as they cannot be made from the body so they need to be eaten or from supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which vitamins are fat soluble

A

A
D
E
K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which vitamins are water soluble

A 
C,
B6/pyridoxine 
B12/coboalmin 
biotin 
folate 
niacin 
pantothenic acid 
B2
B1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is another name for vitamin b2

A

riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is another name for vitamin b1

A

thiamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how are excess water soluble vitamins stored

A

excreted in the urine

and are less toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are excess fat soluble vitamins stored

A

accumulate in adipose tissue and can reach toxic levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what must be present to absorb fat soluble vitamins

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the RNI of vitamin c

A

40mg per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two forms of vitamin c

A

ascorbic acid and ascorbate salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the different forms of ascorbate salts

A

e301,e302

e303

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much more vitamin c do smokers need than non smokers

A

twice as much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the sources of vitamin c

A

fruit eg orange
vegetables red peppers, leafy greens
potatoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of vitamin c

A

antioxidant
required in the synthesis of biomolecules- collagen
also iron absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the deficiency diseases of vitamin c

A

scurvy

mild anaemia- due to reduced iron absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is lysine converted into in collagen synthesis

A

hydroxylysine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is proline converted into in collagen synthesis

A

hydroxyproline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do the hydroxylates enzymes require in collagen synthesis

A

Fe2+ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the importance of vitamin c in collagen synthesis

A

it stops the oxidation of iron 2+ into fe3+ which renders the enzymes useless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

if we have decreased vitamin c which tissues are particularly affected

A

those that have a rapid turnover rate eg the PDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

WHY IS hydroxylation of proline and lysine important

A

as the collagen molecules forming in the pro collagen do not hydrogen bond correctly therefore they are very easy to break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the initial symptoms of scurvy

A

gingival inflammation and bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the progressive symptoms of scurvy

A

impaired wound healing
bleeding gingiva
damage of the PDL and tooth looseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which groups are at risk of vitamin c deficiency

A 
elderly 
alcohol/drug abuse
fad diet followers 
smokers
infants- not breast-feeding 
renal failure and dialysis 
malabsorption conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why might chewable vitamin c not be the best option

A

eating too much of this everyday can cause enamel erosion as it is acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the ph of vitamin c

A

2.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what important ingredient should be in chewable vitamin c

A

buffered solution such as sodium ascorbate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the members of the vitamin b complex

A 
B1- thiamin
B2- riboflavin
B3-niacin
B5-pantothenic acid 
B6-pyridoxine
B7/B8-biotin
B9-folate 
B12-coalamin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

why is biotin b7/b8

A

as it has two forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is vitamin B1,2,3 and 8 used in

A

in energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is vitamin b6 essential for

A

amino acid and hormonal regulation

32
Q

what is vitamin b9 and b12 used for

A

DNA synthesis and cellular division

33
Q

what is a deficiency in one of the vitamins associated with

A

a deficiency in others

34
Q

which groups are at risk of vitamin b complex deficiency

A

older adults
pregnant women
people that suffer from conditions with malabsorption- crowns celiac HIV and alcohol misuse

35
Q

what are some general vitamin b complex deficiency symptoms

A 
fatigue 
confusion
anaemia 
compromised immune system 
skin rashes
36
Q

what are oral symptoms of vitamin b complex deficiency

A

angular chelosis
ulcers
glossitis

37
Q

where is vitamin b stored

A

in the liver

38
Q

what is the reference nutrient intake of folate(vitamin b9

A

200 micrograms a day

39
Q

what is the sources of vitamin b 9

A

green leafy veggies and the liver,nuts and whole grain cereal

40
Q

what is the function of folate

A

involved in DNA synthesis
required for cell division
role in nucleic acid synthesis such as in babies, bone marrow cells,hair, mucosal cell and cancer cell

41
Q

when does folic acid deficiency occur

A

2-3 months

42
Q

what can folic acid defieicny cause

A

megaloblastic anaemia hair loss, fatigue and birth defects

43
Q

which birth defects can folic acid defieicny cause

A

spina bride and anencephaly

44
Q

what folate deficiency symptoms might be replicated in cancer therapy

A

sickness
anaemia
hair loss

45
Q

what is methotrexate

A

a drug used in chemotherapy

46
Q

what is methylene trtrahydrofolate used for

A

essential for DNA synthesis

47
Q

what does a lack of folate increase the level of

A

circulating homocysteine which is a factor in heart disease

48
Q

when does the closure of the neural tube occur

A

28th day of pregnancy

49
Q

what can reduce neural tube defects

A

400 micrograms of folic acid supplement a day for a few months before conception and during the first month of pregnancy

50
Q

what can increased folic acid help with during pregnancy

A

reduced cleft lip

reduced anencephaly or spina bifida

51
Q

what is the rni of vitamin b12

A

1.5 micrograms

52
Q

what is the source of cobalamin

A

only produced by microorganims- obtained by eating animals, eggs and dairy

53
Q

what is the functions of cobalamin

A

folate metabolism
maintain the homocysteine lebel low- PROTECTING HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
involved in blood formation
crucial for normal nerve function

54
Q

how is vitamin b12- cobalamin absorped

A
  1. by binding to a glycoprotein known as intrinsic factor
  2. the vitamin intrinsic factor is recognised by surface receptors of mucosal cells in the ileum and absorbed
  3. Complex is then transported around the body bound to a specific B12 binding protein (transcobalamin) and then is stored in the liver.
55
Q

what is intrinsic factor released by

A

the parietal cells

56
Q

what binding protein does the vitamin intrinsic factor bind fo

A

transcobalamin

57
Q

when does b12 deficiency occur

A

usually due to a reduction in intrinsic factor production

58
Q

which groups are at risk of B12 deficiency

A

Dietary deficiency only found in strict vegetarians or vegans.
Elderly
gastritis, and inability to synthesise IF
Patients with malabsorption diseases
Patients who have malabsorption due to side effects of medications such as diabetics, renal insufficiency and dementia patients

59
Q

what re the symptoms of b12 deficiency

A 
mental problems 
fatigue
hair problems
chronic pain
infertility
blood disorders
60
Q

what is the type of anaemia called when there is lack of IF

A

pernicious anaemia

61
Q

what does vitamin b12 help with in nerves

A

the formation fo the myelin sheath

62
Q

what can happen if there has been vitamin b12 deficiency for a long time

A

the damage can be irreparable eg for in nerve damage

63
Q

how can we diagnose between the difference of a folate deficiency or a vitamin b12 deficiency

A

specific two-step blood test should be performed

64
Q

how do we take a two step blood test

A

holotranscobalamin content is determined and the second step determines the concentration of metabolic products, resulting from the lack of vitamin B12, such as methylmalonic acids and homocysteine

65
Q

what is the two step test both has unfavourable results

A

vitamin b12 deficiency should be assumed and IV drip of b12 should be administered

66
Q

what are some oral manifestations of vitamin b12 deficiency

A

higher incidence of dental caries and gingival problems in children with systemic B12 deficiency

67
Q

what are proton pump inhibitors used for

A

gastroesophageal reflux disorder(GERD)

68
Q

what is metformin used for

A

diabetes

69
Q

what is furosemide used for

A

heart failure

70
Q

what is levodopa and carbidopa used for

A

parkinson disease

71
Q

what is isoniazid used for

A

tuberculosis

72
Q

which nutrient deficiency is proton pump inhibitors associated with

A

B12

Vit c

73
Q

which nutrient deficiency is metformin associated with

A

vit B12

74
Q

which nutrient deficiency is furosemide associated with

A

calcium

magnesium

75
Q

which nutrient deficiency is levodopa/carbidopa associated with

A

bitamin b12

76
Q

which nutrient deficiency is isoniazid associated with

A

vitamin b6- pyridoxine

IBMS SR (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions