water scarcity Flashcards
what percentage of water is salt water and freshwater?
98% salt water, 2% freshwater
what percentage of total freshwater is surface water?
1 %
what percentage of the freshwater is ice?
87%
wat percentage freshwater is ground water?
12%
how is water unevenly distributed?
10 countries has 60% of the worlds available freshwater supply
what is water stress?
when there is not enough water for all the uses the water stress is going to increase. will have more problems related to water stress. due to climate change, population growth and ways of life.
what are the main water uses?
domestic, industrial agricultural. there is an imbalance amongst these.
what are emerging issues of water stress?
preservation of aquatic ecosystems, conservation of resources of water quality or pollution, an increase of living standards, quality of water distributions, sustainable water uses.
how many litres of water are needed for 300g of one steak?
4650 litres.
how many litres are needed for one pound of wheat?
650 litres
what is WEFE Nexus?
water energy food ecosystem nexus, addresses the complec and inter-related nature of water resources.
what was set up in 2015 by UN general assembly?
sustainable development goals, intended to be acheived by 2030. at least 6 out of 17 apply to water
which of the UN sustainable development goals link to water? (5)
zero hunger, clean energy, climate action, life below water, life on land.
what happened to the Aral Sea?
diversion of the inflowing Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers to irrigate water-intensive cotton and rice crops. the Aral Sea decreased in mass, lost 85% of sea volume, depth declined by 14 metres and salt concentration doubled.
what were the negative effects of the Aral Sea incident?
the fishing industry, local communities, ecosystems, pollution from pesticides. overexploitation of water caused negative iamaocs of ecosystems nad humans.
what happened to the Red River Basin?
network of multipurpose reservoirs, built under construction and planned. they produced hydropower egenration, water supplt and flood control
what were the negative impacts of Red River Basin
sediment trapping due to reservoir network, morphological changes, endangerment of vital infrastructures, storing sediments and now trapped in the reservoirs, increased water scarcity, flood risk, and saltwater intrusion. increased flood risk in the northern areas due to the deltas.
how many people live on Deltas?
20 million.
what are transboundary issues?
international water bodies are those shared by 2 or more independent states. increase of IWB because of newly created states. sources of conflcit due to upstream-downstream conflict among riparian states. water bodies are shared between many countries.
what des IWB stand for?
international water bodies
how many counties share Africa Congo basin?
11 countries
what are water-related conflicts?
cooperation between nations required in international water basins. without cooperation, water disputes or conflicts may arise.
what is BRECcIA?
Building research capacity for sustainable water and food security in drylands in Sub-Saharan Africa. addresses water and food security in Africa.
how many deaths in china due to drought?
3 million.
how many billion in depth due to droughts in china?
13.8 billion
why is water supply constrained?
reservoirs have several social and environmental costs, downstream environment is constructive, sediment balance, people resettlement.
what is the concept of peak water?
limited amount of water which can be used for human purposes if we consider the social, environmental and economical costs. there is a peak. the number of reservoirs that have been built in the world- ell shaped curve.
what are water resource management techniques?
The role of damns and reservoirs can redistribute water in space and time, thus buffering the natural variability of water resources. sort of buffer0 with water there available to supply a constant source of water, not relying on the weather.
