water scarcity

Question 1

what percentage of water is salt water and freshwater?

Answer 1

98% salt water, 2% freshwater

Question 2

what percentage of total freshwater is surface water?

Answer 2

1 %

Question 3

what percentage of the freshwater is ice?

Answer 3

87%

Question 4

wat percentage freshwater is ground water?

Answer 4

12%

Question 5

how is water unevenly distributed?

Answer 5

10 countries has 60% of the worlds available freshwater supply

Question 6

what is water stress?

Answer 6

when there is not enough water for all the uses the water stress is going to increase. will have more problems related to water stress. due to climate change, population growth and ways of life.

Question 7

what are the main water uses?

Answer 7

domestic, industrial agricultural. there is an imbalance amongst these.

Question 8

what are emerging issues of water stress?

Answer 8

preservation of aquatic ecosystems, conservation of resources of water quality or pollution, an increase of living standards, quality of water distributions, sustainable water uses.

Question 9

how many litres of water are needed for 300g of one steak?

Answer 9

4650 litres.

Question 10

how many litres are needed for one pound of wheat?

Answer 10

650 litres

Question 11

what is WEFE Nexus?

Answer 11

water energy food ecosystem nexus, addresses the complec and inter-related nature of water resources.

Question 12

what was set up in 2015 by UN general assembly?

Answer 12

sustainable development goals, intended to be acheived by 2030. at least 6 out of 17 apply to water

Question 13

which of the UN sustainable development goals link to water? (5)

Answer 13

zero hunger, clean energy, climate action, life below water, life on land.

Question 14

what happened to the Aral Sea?

Answer 14

diversion of the inflowing Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers to irrigate water-intensive cotton and rice crops. the Aral Sea decreased in mass, lost 85% of sea volume, depth declined by 14 metres and salt concentration doubled.

Question 15

what were the negative effects of the Aral Sea incident?

Answer 15

the fishing industry, local communities, ecosystems, pollution from pesticides. overexploitation of water caused negative iamaocs of ecosystems nad humans.

Question 16

what happened to the Red River Basin?

Answer 16

network of multipurpose reservoirs, built under construction and planned. they produced hydropower egenration, water supplt and flood control

Question 17

what were the negative impacts of Red River Basin

Answer 17

sediment trapping due to reservoir network, morphological changes, endangerment of vital infrastructures, storing sediments and now trapped in the reservoirs, increased water scarcity, flood risk, and saltwater intrusion. increased flood risk in the northern areas due to the deltas.

Question 18

how many people live on Deltas?

Answer 18

20 million.

Question 19

what are transboundary issues?

Answer 19

international water bodies are those shared by 2 or more independent states. increase of IWB because of newly created states. sources of conflcit due to upstream-downstream conflict among riparian states. water bodies are shared between many countries.

Question 20

what des IWB stand for?

Answer 20

international water bodies

Question 21

how many counties share Africa Congo basin?

Answer 21

11 countries

Question 22

what are water-related conflicts?

Answer 22

cooperation between nations required in international water basins. without cooperation, water disputes or conflicts may arise.

Question 23

what is BRECcIA?

Answer 23

Building research capacity for sustainable water and food security in drylands in Sub-Saharan Africa. addresses water and food security in Africa.

Question 24

how many deaths in china due to drought?

Answer 24

3 million.

Question 25

how many billion in depth due to droughts in china?

Answer 25

13.8 billion

Question 26

why is water supply constrained?

Answer 26

reservoirs have several social and environmental costs, downstream environment is constructive, sediment balance, people resettlement.

Question 27

what is the concept of peak water?

Answer 27

limited amount of water which can be used for human purposes if we consider the social, environmental and economical costs. there is a peak. the number of reservoirs that have been built in the world- ell shaped curve.

Question 28

what are water resource management techniques?

Answer 28

The role of damns and reservoirs can redistribute water in space and time, thus buffering the natural variability of water resources. sort of buffer0 with water there available to supply a constant source of water, not relying on the weather.